Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) has the potential to provide benefit to endusers over and above that of Professional Geographic Information (PGI). A multi-methods approach consisting of participatory observation, focus groups and diary studies, was used to study how VGI and PGI were actually used by a target user group. A theoretical framework of information relevance was used to under...

The Nucleus of the Solitary Tract (NTS) receives gustatory and visceral information from afferent fibers in the vagus and projects to the Nucleus Paragigantocellularis (PGi), among several other brain region. PGi sends excitatory fibers, mostly glutamatergic, to the Locus Coeruleus (LC). In turn, LC sends noradrenergic projections to many areas of the brain, including hippocampus (HIPP) and amy...

In this work, information contained in near infrared (NIR) spectra of honeys with protected geographical indication (PGI) "Mel de Galicia" was processed by means of different chemometric techniques to develop an authentication system for this high quality food product. Honey spectra were obtained in a fast and single way, and they were pretreated by means of standard normal variate transformati...

PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy and safety of repeated botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) injections for patients with drug-refractory nonneurogenic overactive bladder (NNOAB) and explore factors predictive of outcome. METHODS Data were collected from all patients receiving repeated BTX-A injections for drug-refractory NNOAB between 2004 and 2012. Trigone-sparing injections were administered ...

Phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor (PGI/AMF) plays an important role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and is associated with invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. We have previously shown its role in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells, which led to increased aggressiveness; however, the molecular mechanism by which PGI/AMF regulat...

BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL) is routinely assessed and evaluated in medical research. However, in Japan, there is a lack of solid cutoff criteria for evaluating QoL improvement in chronic noncancer pain management. The present study was conducted to identify the minimal clinically important change (MCIC) of the Japanese version of EuroQol-5D 3L(EQ-5D) utility score and numeric rating scale ...

Background: Fatigue is often identified as weakness following muscular exertion in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) but may be associated with other physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms. Objective: To develop a Spanish language global impression of fatigue scales to evaluate symptoms of fatigue distinct from a particular disease. Methods: 50 ambulatory patients with MS attending a cl...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the roles of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)) synthase in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). METHODS In placentas from normal pregnant women and pregnant women with severe PIH, the enzyme expression of PLA(2), COX-2, and PGI(2) synthase was measured using real time reverse transcripti...

in this study the effect of adenosine and caffeine on spontaneous activity of paragigantocellularis (pgi) neurons was investigated. the spontaneous activity of pgi neurons was significantly decreased by microinjection of adenosine (10 nm, 0.5 µl) into pgi nucleus of both control and morphine-dependent rats. the decrease in firing rate of pgi neurons of morphine-dependent rats was greater than t...