Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, play critical regulatory roles in the assembly of DNA damage response proteins on the DNA damage site and their activities in DNA damage repair. Tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) repairs Topoisomerase 2 (Top2)-linked DNA damage, thereby protecting cancer cells against Top2 inhibitors-induced growth inhibiti...

After launching of sildenafil citrate, the last invention of 20 century, in 1998, oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor has been established as first line treatment of erectile dysfunction and shift new paradigm of diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction. The big success of sildenafil in pharmaceutical R&D induced the consecutive development of the so-called ‘The second Viagra’...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most successful The failure to control the global TB epidemic despite the availability human pathogens, and a key mechanism in its virulence arsenal is its ability to influence host immune responses to its advantage. In recent years it has become clear that one such mechanism pivots on bacterial-derived, secreted small molecules that are released f...

The cyclic nucleotide signalling pathway mediates the smooth-muscle relaxing effects of nitric oxide necessary for normal erectile function. Down-regulation of this pathway is central to the pathophysiology of many forms of erectile dysfunction (ED), which is often associated with other chronic diseases (e.g. hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus) and treatments (e.g. certain drugs, radical pr...

important predictors of erectile dysfunction. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:930—7. [7] Roumeguère Th, Wespes E, Carpentier Y, Hoffmann P, Schulman CC. Erectile dysfunction is associated with a high prevalence of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease risk. Eur Urol 2003;44:355—9. [8] Ponholzer A, Temml C, Obermayr R, Wehrberger C, Madersbacher S. Is erectile dysfunction an indicator for increased ...

INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction may affect 30% to 50% of men aged 40 to 70 years, with age, smoking, and obesity being the main risk factors, although 20% of cases have psychological causes. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in men with erectile dysfunction of any c...

CASE A 45-year-old man has a 10-year history of migraine without aura occurring about once a week relieved by an oral triptan. When he sought treatment for erectile dysfunction from a urologist, the side effect of triggering migraine was brought up. Now the patient and the urologist want my opinion about whether the patient should try an oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE-5) and, if so, do...

A 43 year old woman presented with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia characterised by a high alveolar eosinophilic count, which allowed biochemical study of these cells. Alveolar eosinophils spontaneously produced high amounts of oxygen free radicals and exhibited an increased level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity compared to blood eosinophils from control...