Reactor and reaction engineering play a vital role in petroleum and chemical processing. The aim of this article is to acquaint the reader with the interaction between reactor design=selection and the characteristics of the chemical reaction of interest. Reactor selection and design are the basis of economical and safe operation. Chemical reactions in petroleum refining include a huge spectrum ...

Solar reactors featuring a circulating cyclone flow pattern provide enhanced heat transfer and longer residence time increasing the conversion efficiency. Cyclone flow also works in reducing particle deposition on solar reactor walls and exit, which is particularly an important issue in solar cracking reactors to avoid clogging. This paper focuses on the physics of cyclone formation inside a so...

A bioreactor refers to any manufactured or engineered device that supports a biologically active environment. These kinds of reactors are designed to treat wastewater treatment. Volumetric mass transfer coefficient and the effect of superficial gas velocity, as the most important operational factor on hydrodynamics, in three-phase airlift reactors are investigated in this study. The experiments...

A bioassay method was developed to measure the average intensity within a UV disinfection reactor. The survival of spores of Bacillus subtilis was determined as a function of UV dose to prepare a standard curve. Spores were added to unknown systems, and the survival rate was used to determine the average intensity. A modification was used for flow-through reactors by which spores were injected ...

INTRODUCTION Down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactors employ polyurethane sponge media to retain biomass. Wastewater is trickled from the top of the reactor and purified by microorganisms within and on the surface of the sponge media as influent flows vertically downward through the reactor. Since the sponge media of DHS reactors are exposed to the atmosphere, oxygen dissolves continually into t...

We present a microfluidic synthesizer made entirely of Teflon material for solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Solvent-resistant perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) was used to construct chip-sized devices featuring multiple tri-layer pneumatic microvalves. Using these devices, model peptides were automatically synthesized and cleaved in situ in a continuous-flow manner. The total coupling and cleavage tim...

This second edition of the Handbook Generation IV Nuclear Reactors1 combines history development, research, industrial-operating experience, advanced designs, systems, and safety analysis, applications nuclear energy. Impressive number 64 recognized nuclear-energy-system experts from 13 nuclear-power countries: Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Russia, Republic Korea, Ukrai...

The rate of reaction between dilute hydrogen sulfide and ozone in air was measured. Experimental data were obtained from two tubular, laminar-flow reactors having internal dia. of 3/8 in. and l/4 in. On the basis of these data the following expression was obtained for the rate of generation of sulfur dioxide by the reaction of hydrogen sutide with ozone in the absence of light. dcso, = 22.8exp ...

The paper is focused on analysis, mathematical modelling and simulation of reactors which are used in the chemical and tanning technology. Material and energy balances are the key issues of mathematical models of chemical reactors and processes. The combination with chemical kinetics and transport effects an intellectual basis for chemical reactor design can be obtained. The contribution brings...