Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the burden income tax and health care inequalities in India. Materials Method: data retrieved from various electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane library other sources regarding individual tax, allocation GDP for sector out-of-pocket expenditure public among top ten countries. were analyzed using descriptive analys...

Cross-sectional health expenditure data are used to compare health expenditure aggregates and the contribution of the public and private sectors in a selection of 31 low, middle and high income countries. The comparative data illustrate the diversity of outcomes in terms of total health expenditure and its components even amongst countries with similar GDP per capita. Low and middle income coun...

Background There is high reliance on out-of-pocket (OOP) health payments as a means of financing health system in Nigeria. OOP health payments can make households face catastrophe and become impoverished. The study aims to examine the financial burden of OOP health payments among households in Nigeria.   Methods Secondary data from the Harmonized Nigeria Living Standard Survey (HNLSS) of 2009/2...

BACKGROUND Monitoring the incidence and intensity of catastrophic health expenditure, as well as the impoverishing effects of out of pocket costs to access healthcare, is a key part of benchmarking Kenya's progress towards reducing the financial burden that households experience when accessing healthcare. METHODS The study relies on data from the nationally-representative Kenya Household Expe...

The paper presents two prototypes for the estimation of human energy expenditure during normal daily activities and exercise. The first prototype employs two dedicated inertial sensors attached to the user’s chest and thigh and a heart rate monitor. The second prototype uses only the accelerometer embedded in a smart phone carried in the user’s pocket. Both systems use machine learning for the ...

Large out-of-pocket spending on medical issues can expose households to catastrophic health expenditure, which result in poverty. This study aimed estimate the extent of expenditure among Benin and assess association between household characteristics. We used 2017 nationally representative survey for Benin, “Analyse Globale de la Vulnérabilité et Sécurité Alimentaire,” a logit model demographic...

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of - and illnesses commonly associated with - catastrophic household expenditure on health in Nepal. METHODS We did a cross-sectional population-based survey in five municipalities of Kathmandu Valley between November 2011 and January 2012. For each household surveyed, out-of-pocket spending on health in the previous 30 days that exceeded 10% of the househ...

OBJECTIVE To examine health care utilization and expenditure patterns for children with disabilities. METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted of the 1999 and 2000 editions of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a nationally representative survey conducted in 5 rounds by household interview. Two years of MEPS data were combined in this analysis to improve the precision of estima...