anisms of the animals in which the neoplasms originate. Al most all of the putatively nonviral tumors are individually specific and few, if any, cross-reactions occur among them. The antigenic titer varies greatly and is related to the latent period and the immunologie reactivity of the tumor host. This rela tionship is almost certainly due to immunoselection. The an tigens are found in early p...

Skin disorders of the external ear are common. Although audiologists will not necessarily treat these conditions, it is important for them to be aware of these disorders and refer patients to a specialist in some instances. This report summarizes eight of the most commonly encountered skin conditions with an emphasis on recognition and appropriate referral. The cutaneous disorders of the extern...

BACKGROUND Colonoscopy is an invasive and costly procedure with a risk of serious complications. It would therefore be useful to prioritise colonoscopies by identifying people at higher risk of either cancer or premalignant adenomas. The aim of this study is to assess a model that identifies people with colorectal cancer, advanced, large and small adenomas. METHODS Patients seen by gastroente...

CONTEXT Over the history of palliative care provision in Ireland, services have predominantly provided care to those with cancer. Previous estimates of palliative care need focused primarily on specialist palliative care and included only a limited number of nonmalignant diseases. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to estimate the potential population with generalist and/or speciali...

The observation that the age-specific incidence curve of many carcinomas is approximately linear on a double logarithmic plot has led to much speculation regarding the number and nature of the critical events involved in carcinogenesis. By a consideration of colorectal and pancreatic cancers in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry we show that the log-log model provides...

Infections with specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) have emerged as necessary but not sufficient factors for the development, at least, of the majority of cervical, vulvar, penile, and perianal cancers. Evidence has accumulated for their causal role in the induction of anogenital premalignant lesions. Genetic events underlying the mechanism of anogenital carcinogenesis have become in...

This study was conceived to assess the oral health status of the patients with tuberculosis at the TB hospital in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: The study population consisted of 87 patients aged 14-60 yrs admitted in the seven wards of the hospital. The soft tissue lesions, periodontal status and the dental caries experience were measured using the WHO criteria, CPITN and DMFT in...

Altered tissue structure is a feature of many disease states and is usually measured by microscopic methods, limiting analysis to small areas. Means to rapidly and quantitatively measure the structure and organisation of large tissue areas would represent a major advance not just for research but also in the clinic. Here, changes in tissue organisation that result from heterozygosity in Apc, a ...

Accurate diagnosis of premalignant or malignant oral lesions depends on the quality of the biopsy, adequate clinical information and correct interpretation of the biopsy results. The purpose of this paper is to review the procedures for obtaining appropriate biopsy samples, and the criteria for diagnosing and grading dysplasias. The World Health Organization's description of the architectural a...

Centrosome overduplication or amplification has been observed in many human cancers and in premalignant tissue, but the mechanisms leading to such centrosome aberrations are not fully understood. We previously showed that abnormal mitotic cells with supernumerary centrosomes increase with replicative senescence in human fibroblasts, especially in a polyploid subpopulation. This study examines l...