Sand grains are ubiquitous in the Earth’s system, and found different environmental settings globally, but sand itself as a physical object has multiple conflicting meanings with respect to both its agglomeration into landforms such dunes beaches, how dynamics have cultural significance meaning. This study takes transdisciplinary approach towards examining of sand, focusing on spatiotemporal ph...

introduction: one of the main goals of endodontic treatment is to decrease the harboring bacteria within the root canal system and dentinal tubules. this experimental study attempted to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of three root canal irrigants in the presence and absence of smear layer (sl). methods and materials: a total of 210 sound extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared...