این پژوهش به بررسی تاثیر زبان فارسی به عنوان زبان مادری در یادگیری صفت و ضمیرملکی در زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی می پردازد. دیدگاه مورد نظر دراین پژوهش بررسی مقابله ای فارسی و انگلیسی و تحلیل خطاها درمورد صفت و ضمیرملکی انگلیسی می باشد. بررسی مقابله ای شاخه ای از زبان شناسی می باشد که ساختارهای دو یا چند زبان متفاوت را مقابل هم می گذارد تا شباهت ها و تفاوت های آن ها را پیدا کند. دراین پژوهش در کنار صفت و ضمیرملکی، بحث ملکیت و همه مقولات مربوط به آن نیز هم در فارسی و هم درانگلیسی بررسی می شود. این پژوهش در زمره توصیفی- تحلیلی و میدانی قرار می گیرد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را کلیه فارسی زبانان انگلیسی آموز سطح ابتدایی یکی از آموزشگاه های شمال تهران، بدون محدودیت سنی و جنسی تشکیل می دهند. روش کار به این صورت است که دو پرسشنامه تهیه شد که شامل آزمون ترجمه از فارسی به انگلیسی بود. در واقع از زبان آموزان دو آزمون ترجمه گرفته شد. داده ها به این صورت تهیه شدند که دو گروه سوال طرح شد؛ درگروه اول از زبان آموزان خواسته شد که جملات را با صفت ملکی ترجمه کنند و در گروه دوم از زبان آموزان خواسته شد که جملات را با ضمیرملکی ترجمه کنند. سپس خطاهای آنان شمارش، طبقه بندی و تحلیل شد. در مرحله بعد خطاها به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه اول خطاها شامل کاربرد ‘s در صفتهای ملکی و ضمایر ملکی بود. گروه دوم خطاها هم شامل کاربرد صفتها و ضمایر ملکی توسط فارسی زبانان بود. تعداد کاربردهای درست و غلط در هر دو گروه شمارش شد و به نرم افزار spss داده شد. نتیجه آن در هر دو گروه این بود که برطبق نظریه میانه روی اولر و ضیاحسینی، صفتهای ملکی در انگلیسی به دلیل شباهتشان با قاعده ملکیت در فارسی باعث ایجاد خطا در زبان آموزان فارسی زبان می شوند. درحالی که ضمایر ملکی در انگلیسی به دلیل تفاوتشان با قاعده ملکیت در زبان فارسی بهتر یاد گرفته می شود و کمترین میزان خطا را ایجاد می کند.

مقدمه:در این پژوهش به « بررسی اختلالات کلامی حاصل از سکته ی مغزی »پرداختیم که می تواند بسته به جنسیت ، نوع درونداد یا برونداد متفاوت باشد همچنین تاثیر حوادث مغزی برتوانش وکنش زبانی بررسی گردید . روش : از آزمودنی های پژوهش که ده نفر (4 زن و6 مرد )بودند، آزمون زبانپریشی فارسی بعمل آمد.آزمودنی ها افراد مبتلا به سکته وحوادث عروق مغزی بودند که سن آنان از26 تا 80 سال بود. داده ها بر اساس آزمون زبانپریشی فارسی تحلیل شدند. یافته ها:در این بررسی ها و در همه ی ده بیمار، توانش از دست نرفته بود ولی در بعضی کنش دچار نقص و یااختلال شده بود و یا بصورت موقت از دست رفته بودکه به مرور زمان وبا شده تمرینات گفتار درمانی دارای توان گفتاری بودند. جنسیت نیز در زبانپریشی موثر است ،هرچند تعداد آزمودنی ها برای تعمیم یافته ها به همگان اندک است اما بیماران آسیب دیده ی راست مغزی زن کمترین پارافازی را نشان میدادند و بنظر می رسد زنان دچار اختلالات کمتری شوند همچنین داده های این پژوهش نشان میدهدکه گفتار بیش از نوشتار آسیب می بیند. درک شنیداری به نسبت درک خوانداری بهتر عمل می کند پس درک زبانی به نوع درونداد بستگی دارد .

the following null hypothesis was proposed: there is no significant difference between the efl students listening comprehension development receiving pictorial cues and those receiving no cuse. to test the null hypothesis, 52 male and femal freshmen students of medicine studing at iran university of medical scinces were randomly selected from a total population of 72 students. to ensure that the subjects were homogeneous, a toefl test consisting of 30 multiple choice items on listening was administred. the results revealed that the null hypothesis was rejected. the observed t-vaue (4.51) exceeded the t-critical value (2.0105) at 0.001 possibility with 50 degrees of freedom. in short, the findings support what muller found, the use of contextual visuals improves listening comprehension for less proficient students and that visuals serve as advance organizers and enhance students ability to formulate correct hypotheses.

the subjects of the study are only the tefl teachers and students at gilan university. to obtain the desired data, a questionnaire which was based on the theories and disecussions gathered, was used as the main data gathering instrument. to determine the degree of relationship between variables, covariance and pearson product moment correlation coefficient were the formulas applied. the data were tabulated and the teachers were grouped according to their style of leadership. the data computed and classified were tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted. the study revealed that autocratic, democratic, and free-rein leadership styles are all being employed by the tefl teachers at gilan university with democratic as the predominant practice. this finding, therefore, denies the first hypothesis presented above. further, the result of correlation analysis showed that there is a direct relationship between leadership styles, students attitude and motivation. this, then, means that leadership styles affect the students attitude and motivation, disproving thus, the null hypothesis stated to this effect.

the following null hypothesis was proposed: h : there is no significant difference between the use of semantically or communicatively translates scientific texts. to test the null hypothesis, a number of procedures were taken first, two passages were selected form soyrcebooks of food and nutrition industry and gardening deciplines. each, in turn, was following by a number of comprehension questions. second, the passages were translated into persian by a number of translator training experts as well as the researcher herself both semantically and communicatively. a comparison of the obtained rendernigs led the researcher to devise the final versions of two types of translation: a communicative and a semantic. fifty copies of each version were then prepared. in the third step, the total number of 100 copies were distributed randomly among a total population of 250 students. the subjects were male and female senior students majoring in persian literature at allameh tabatabai university. they were native speakers of persian. to compare the mean scores of the two groups, a t-statistic was conducted. the results revealed that the tobs4.37 was far beyond the which was 2.62 at the .01 level of significance with 98 degree of freedom. therefore, the null hypothesis (hohc-xso) was rejected. considering that all assumptions for the t-test had been found to be met, it can be said that there is a 99% probability that the mean difference was due to the different methods of translation employed. in other words, the study revealed: as far as reading comprehension of iranian readers is concerns, a communicative translation is a more effective method for translations scientific texts than a semnatic one.

to explore the idea the investingation proposed, aimed at finding whether the performances of the population of iranians students studying english in an efl context are consistent in l1 and l2 writing taks and whether there is a cross-linguistic transfer in this respect. in this regard the subjects were instructed to write four compositions-two in english and two in farsi-which consisted of an argumentative and a narrative task in each language. these compositions were then rated by three readers according to efl composition profile (jacobs, et. al, 1981), as an objective scale in which five components are weighed according to their approximate importance of written composition the statistical package for social sciences (spss) was then used for the process of data analysis. the results confirment that such a correlation exists and is significant the finding also indicated that the differences in performing l1 and l2 writing tasks could not be due to change there was a systematic defference which pointed in the direction of transfer from l1 to l2. however, the results should be interpreted carefully. as hatch and farhadi (1982) put it, when we have a small number of subjects and a small number of observations, we need large differences to produce significant results (p. 132). thus, although the study provided ground for rejecting both hypotheses, the differences between t-observed and t-critical were not very large to make strong claims. the same thing is true for the correlation ceofficient which was only moderately significant in one occasion but highly significant on others.