Overbrowsing by ungulates decimates plant populations and reduces diversity in a variety of ecosystems, but the mechanisms by which changes to plant community composition influence other trophic levels are poorly understood. In addition to removal of avian nesting habitat, browsing is hypothesized to reduce bird density and diversity through reduction of insect prey on browse-tolerant hosts lef...

In this paper we propose a positive linear control law for the stabilization of positive equilibria in predator-prey systems. This problem is motivated by the introduction, which is by essence positive, of predators in biological control applications, to prevent excessive levels of prey (pests). We build a linear controller that we saturate at zero and prove, under some conditions, the global a...

This paper concerns with a new delayed predator–prey model with stage structure on prey, in which the immature prey and the mature prey are preyed by predator and the delay is the length of the immature stage. Mathematical analysis of the model equations is given with regard to invariance of non-negativity, boundedness of solutions, permanence and global stability and nature of equilibria. Our ...

Understanding predator-prey dynamics requires an understanding of how prey assess predation risk. This study tested the effect of microhabitat, moon stages, and mammalian predator urines (Vulpes vulpes [Red Fox], Mustela vison [Mink], and Procyon lotor [Raccoon]) on the degree of predation risk perceived by Peromyscus leucopus (White-footed Mouse). Giving-up densities from artifi cial food patc...

Biocontrol agents are critical for pest management in sustainable agriculture. Generalist arthropod predators may hold a great potential as biocontrol because they ubiquitous and consume pests agroecosystems. However, their diet composition over the entire crop season has rarely been quantified, which hinders our ability to assess real field conditions that foster temporal dynamics of alternati...

25 The prey selectivity of fish depends largely on traits of prey and predator. Preferable prey 26 traits might be different for visual predators (such as drift-feeding salmonids) and rather non27 visual predators (such as benthic feeders). We evaluated the explanatory power of five prey 28 traits and prey long-term abundance for the prey selection of small benthivorous fish by 29 analysing the...