This paper presents a model for designing the pricing policies for the supply chain whose channel is integrated with retail and e-tail. In order to incentive the retailer, the manufacture in the supply chain adopts return policy promising that any unsold product can be returned to the manufacture for a partial refund in the end of the selling season. How can the manufacture coordinate the prici...

We model a real-world case problem as a price competition model between two leader-follower supply chains that each of them consists of one manufacturer and one retailer. T he manufacturer produces partially differentiated products and sells to market through his retailer. The retailer sells the products of manufacturer to market by adding some values to the product and gains margin as a fracti...

This paper focuses on the single-issue negotiation between Manufacture Agent (MA) and Material Supplier Agent (MSA) of the supply chain. MSA resorts to find partners to cooperate when it cannot finish the order independently. A two stage negotiation protocol is proposed. The cooperative game is combined with MA-Stackelberg game to resolve the negotiation problem. It is used to establish the coa...

This paper investigates the Stackelberg equilibrium for pricing and ordering decisions in a multi-channel supply chain. We study a situation where a manufacturer is going to open a direct online channel in addition to n existing traditional retail channels. It is assumed that the manufacturer is the leader and the retailers are the followers. The situation has a hierarchical nature and...

The ordering model between single supplier and multi-retailers under the circumstance of non-cooperation supply chain is discussed in this paper, an improved linear price discount strategy is also provided. This strategy considers two situations of incremental discount and decremental discount at the same time. Moreover, Stackelberg game model of both parties’ order on supply and demand is give...

Under carbon cap and trade mechanism, collecting ratio seriously affect the decision of a manufacturer in closed-loop supply chain. This paper constructs pricing models for manufacturing remanufacturing products presence aiming to reveal impact emission. A carbon-trade supplier are involved Stackelberg game. First, model without is formulated. Judging conditions shown determining whether collec...

In this paper, we consider a pricing decision problem with two competing supply chains which distribute differentiated but competing products in the same market. Each chain can be vertically integrated or decentralized based on the choice of the manufacturer. The manufacturing costs, sales costs and consumer demands are characterized as uncertain variables, whose distributions are estimated by ...

This paper surveys some applications of cooperative game theory to supply chain management. Special emphasis is placed on two important aspects of cooperative games: profit allocation and stability. The paper first describes the construction of the set of feasible outcomes in commonly seen supply chain models, and then uses cooperative bargaining models to find allocations of the profit pie bet...