OBJECTIVES To determine the level of demand and supply of out of hours care from a nationally representative sample of general practice cooperatives. DESIGN Observational study based on routinely collected data on telephone calls, patient population data from general practices, and information about cooperatives from interviews with managers. SETTING 20 cooperatives in England and Scotland ...

Previous work has examined optimal fisheries management in idealized institutional contexts, as well as the effectiveness of real institutions in improving the efficiency of the fishery, but there remain further connections to be made between these literatures. Fishing cooperatives have been advocated as a community-based institution that can successfully manage resources where top-down managem...

Over the last three decades cooperatives experienced acceleration of institutional innovation with the introduction of many variations to the reference model. It is certainly not surprising that coops changed their organizational structure over time to face the challenges of world. In the United States and in Canada they are commonly referred to as New generation cooperatives, in Italy and Spai...

Conflict can occur as agricultural cooperatives internationalise, both in terms of their relationship with their supplier members and their requirement for capital. These and other critical factors are identified in the literature. Case study research was carried out on two new Zealand cooperatives – Fonterra, a pure cooperative in the dairy industry and Zespri, a cooperative hybrid in the kiwi...

The aim of this study was to investigate the members’ opinions regarding the influencing factors contributing the success of range management cooperatives in three provinces as Markazi, Tehran and Isfahan of Iran in 2014. The study populations were board and ordinary members of cooperatives (N=750) and the samples were selected using Krejcie and Morgan method through stratified and random sampl...

From the perspective of organization design, this paper investigates and compares the levels and characteristics of China and Japan’s agricultural organization. (1) In Japan, the individual household is the building block of the agricultural organization in that they possess complete moving rights of their labor and complete property rights over land (although the land mobility is limited by go...