Some learning schedules can foster an illusion of competence, whereby the learner feels that the skill will be retained better than it actually will be. Consider fixed-order practice, in which a person practices a task repeatedly before switching to the next task (e.g., task order A, A, B, B); in contrast, in random-order practice, a person randomly alternates among two or more tasks (e.g., tas...

We introduce the theory of liquid schedules, a method for the optimal scheduling of collective data exchanges relying on the knowledge of the underlying network topology and routing scheme. Liquid schedules ensure the maximal utilization of network’s bottlenecks and offers an aggregate throughput as high as the flow capacity of a liquid in a network of pipes. The limiting factors of liquid sche...

We introduce the theory of liquid schedules, a method for the optimal scheduling of collective data exchanges relying on the knowledge of the underlying network topology and routing scheme. Liquid schedules ensure the maximal utilization of network’s bottlenecks and offers an aggregate throughput as high as the flow capacity of a liquid in a network of pipes. The limiting factors of liquid sche...

Practice of complex tasks can be scheduled in several ways: as whole-task practice or as practice of the individual skills composing the task in either a blocked or a random order. The authors used those 3 schedules to study 18 participants' learning of an orthopedic surgical task. They assessed learning by obtaining expert evaluation of performance and objective kinematic measures before, imme...

Let Ln be the length of the longest increasing subsequence of a random permutation of the numbers 1, . . . , n, for the uniform distribution on the set of permutations. We discuss the “hydrodynamical approach” to the analysis of the limit behavior, which probably started with Hammersley (1972), and was subsequently further developed by several authors. We also give two proofs of an exact (non-a...

the aim of this study was to compare the effect of self-control, frequent and reduced feedback of kr on children's learning skill of throw targeting in aleshtar city. for this purpose, 60 subjects were selected and assigned through step-by-step random method to three groups of self-control, frequent, and reduced. they performed the task of targeting through throwing in two steps of acquisi...

What value is there in effective practice regimes if these same regimes do not, in themselves, engage the learner to continue to practice? This question was discussed in the context of two practice schedules that have been shown to be effective in studies of motor learning. But recent evidence has found these practice schedules to be either inefficient in their use of practice time (distributed...

Three experiments explored different schedules of retrieval practice in young adults, older adults, and individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type. In each experiment, an initial acquisition phase was presented in which participants studied or attempted to retrieve response words to cues, followed by a later cued-recall test. Experiment 1 produced a benefit of expanded retrieval over equal...