We report on spectral reflectance measurements of basaltic lava flows on Tenerife Island, Spain. Lava flow surfaces of different ages, surface roughness and elevations were systematically measured using a field spectroradiometer operating in the range of 350–2500 nm. Surface roughness, oxidation and lichen coverage were documented at each measured site. Spectral properties vary with age and mor...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) reflected signal has been demonstrated to remotely sense the oceans, land surfaces and the cryosphere, including measuring snow depth, soil moisture, vegetation growth and wind direction. Since the Earth surface’s characteristics are very complex, the surface reflectivity process and interaction with GPS signals is not well understood. In this study, we inves...

A kinetic model was proposed for describing the curd assembly of skimmed goats' milk during enzymic coagulation. The enzymic coagulation of milk was monitored using an optical sensor that measured diffuse reflectance (light backscatter) at 880 nm. The appearance of a shoulder, at low temperatures and protein concentrations, in the diffuse reflectance ratio profile after the inflection point of ...

Classic radiosity assumes diffuse reflectors in order to consider only pair-wise exchanges of light between elements. It has been previously shown that one can use the same system of equations with separable bi-directional reflection distribution functions (BRDFs), that is BRDFs that can be put in the form of a product of two functions, one of the incident direction and one of the reflected dir...

The multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) instrument is designed to provide global imagery at nine discrete viewing angles and four visible/near-infrared spectral bands. The MISR standard products include vegetation canopy green leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR). These products are produced using a peer-reviewed algori...

BACKGROUND Being able to estimate (predict) the final spectrum of reflectance of a biomaterial, especially when the final color and appearance are fundamental for their clinical success (as is the case of dental resin composites), could be a very useful tool for the industrial development of these type of materials. The main objective of this study was the development of predictive models which...