background: garcinia kola seed is consumed indiscriminately in nigeria without recourse to its potential toxicity. therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the toxicity of the aqueous extract of g. kola seeds on selected tissues of male rats.  methods: thirty male rats (215.00 ± 18.58 g) were assigned into four groups: a, b, c and d which received 0.5 ml of distilled water, 25, 50 and 100 m...

background: boric acid (ba) is commonly used as pesticide, disinfectant and wood preservative. its ingestion can cause serious organ damages resulting in death. case report: a 19 year old man was found dead with two empty packs of ba tablets in vicinity of his body. on autopsy examination, brownish stains along with right angle of mouth and right nostril were found. stomach was damaged with hem...

introduction: organ donation is one of the surviving procedures which can increase the life expectancy of end-stage patients. inappropriate beliefs and attitude of individuals to organ donation, their poor knowledge, and the socio-economic level are one of the most important barriers for organ donation. therefore, here knowledge and attitude levels among relatives of trauma patients regarding o...

organization of various cells lining the olfactory mucosa of puntius ticto (hamilton, 1822) were described by light as well as scanning electron microscopy. the paired olfactory chambers located antero-dorsal to the eyes and communicated outside through anterior and posterior nasal openings. the oval shaped olfactory rosette lied at the bottom of chamber and composed of 18-20 lamellae arranged ...

the german cockroach, blattella germanica, is one of the most common pest species, and is acarrier of many pathogen and allergen factors in humans. thus, regarding public health, the control of thisinsect is quite important. dietary use of hormone analogues, especially juvenoids which disrupt reproductiveorgan development, is a relatively new method to control cockroaches. in this study, the ef...

Considering the spatial location of sites that are to be selected for inclusion in a protected reserve network may be necessary to facilitate dispersal and long-term persistence of species in the selected sites. This paper presents an integer programming (IP) approach to the reserve network selection problem where spatial considerations based on intersite distances are taken into account when s...

The concept of reserve is used to explain the observation that some individuals function better than others in the presence of brain pathology. This article reviews the concept of reserve from its theoretical basis to the implication of reserve for clinical practice. A distinction between brain reserve, referring to individual differences in the anatomic substrate, and cognitive reserve, referr...

Cognitive reserve explains why those with higher IQ, education, occupational attainment, or participation in leisure activities evidence less severe clinical or cognitive changes in the presence of age-related or Alzheimer's disease pathology. Specifically, the cognitive reserve hypothesis is that individual differences in how tasks are processed provide reserve against brain pathology. Cogniti...

Setting aside protected areas is a key strategy for tackling biodiversity loss. Reserve effectiveness depends on the extent to which protected areas capture both known occurrences and areas likely to support the species. We assessed the effectiveness of the existing reserve network for Leadbeater's Possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) and other forest-dependent species, and compared the existing ...

Connectivity is now a common consideration in conservation planning, but we need further empirical evidence for the role of connectivity in catalyzing reserve function. We examined whether connectivity improved reserve performance by investigating how isolation between coral reefs and mangroves influenced fish assemblages inside and outside a reserve in Moreton Bay, Australia. Connectivity grea...