introduction: the aim of this study is to examine the hospital manager’s job in order to identify their educational needs in esfahan in 1382. to do so, first, we tried to become familiar with the current situation by using the experiences of hospital managers in esfahan and then we made an attempt to determine the optimal situation by asking the views of management specialists. finally, the two...

Responsibility assignment modelling is concerned with developing a picture of how the responsibilities in a socio-technical system are distributed across the different automated elements and actors in that system. At this stage, we are not concerned with the details of the responsibilities themselves, nor with what the actors in the system have to do to discharge these responsibilities. Rather,...

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Epidemiologists are increasingly called upon to communicate with affected publics when designing, interpreting, and reporting their work. The author offers eight guidelines for public communication: (1) Tell the people who are most affected what you have found--and tell them first. (2) Make sure people understand what you are telling them, and what you think its implications are. (3) Develop me...

irrigation management transfer to farmers is one of the important and necessary issues for irrigation planners globally. irrigation management transfer or participatory irrigation management by water users’ associations (wua) is a widespread strategy in the world and a good way to remove the country's irrigation and drainage systems problems. the main objective of this research was respons...