Recent findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia have a probabilistic learning impairment that is selective to learning from positive, relative to negative, feedback (Gold et al., 2012), and is more compromised in those with worse negative symptoms (Waltz et al., 2010). This is consistent with evidence linking motivational and affective symptoms of schizophrenia with dysfunctional signa...

Here I analyze the brush-fire cycle behind the brushy frontier of a grassland, seeking evolutionary feedback loops for large grazing animals and their hominin predators. Several months after a lightning strike, the burn scar grows enough new grass to expand the carrying capacity for grass-specialized herbivores, which evolved from mixed feeders in Africa during the early Pleistocene. The fronti...

We experimentally demonstrate an adaptive-optics-based approach that allows selective excitation of waveguide modes and their mixtures in a two-mode fiber (TMF). A phase-only spatial light modulator is used for wavefront control, using feedback signals provided by the correlation between the experimentally measured field distribution and the desired mode profiles. Experimental results show the ...

[Purpose] This study assessed the use of different exercise speeds and isokinetic feedback on the middle and lower serratus anterior muscles during push-up exercises. [Subjects] Ten male workers voluntarily consented to participate in the study. [Methods] The subjects performed push-up exercises under three conditions. Surface electrodes were placed on the dominant right side of the middle and ...

Previously learned reward values can have a pronounced impact, behaviorally and neurophysiologically, on the allocation of selective attention. All else constant, stimuli previously associated with a high value gain stronger attentional prioritization than stimuli previously associated with a low value. The N2pc, an ERP component indicative of attentional target selection, has been shown to ref...

since the emergence of the process-oriented approach to second language writing instruction two main questions have been what and how error feedback should be given to the students. the question of whether teachers should provide feedback on grammar in the writing assignments of english as a foreign language students, and if so how, has been a matter of considerable debate in the field of secon...