Abstract A familiar puzzle about self-deception concerns how is possible in light of the paradoxes generated by a plausible way defining it. less certain type self-deception—being self-deceived one's own intentional mental state—is understanding nature self-knowledge. According to this understanding, we ordinarily do not infer our states from evidence, but then it's puzzling sort could occur gi...

The goal of this paper is to establish a hierarchical level deception which does not apply only humans and non-human animals, but also the rest living world, including plants. We will follow categorization deception, set forth by Mitchell (1986), in first starts with mimicry, while last includes learning intentionality, usually attributed primates. show how such hierarchy can be bacteria, plant...

Abstract The desire for positive self-view may lead people, sometimes, to self-deception. Previous studies demonstrated that such deception takes the form of selective memory search, rationalizing opposing arguments and distorted self-signaling. This study identifies a new mechanism – “accidentally” eliminating the interpretation that poses a threat to the positive self-view. Specifically, we s...

... lying is part of the interface between a person’s internal and external worlds ... there is an internal world composed of beliefs, fantasies, and perceived realities, and there is an external world of shared beliefs, or “reality”... we lie if we deceive others as to what we believe in our personal internal world, or we engage in self-deception if we distort or change information as it passe...

People tell lies not only for their own self-interests but sometimes also to help others. Little is known about the ways in which different types of goals modulate behaviors and neural responses in deception. The present study investigated the neural processes associated with spontaneous deception that occurs with altruistic reasons (i.e. the money would be donated to charity), self-serving rea...

This paper develops a theoretical model of the internal processes of the Orientation step of Boyd's OODA loop model. The Orientation step is important from an Information Warfare perspective as it is where the decision-maker combines their existing knowledge with new information. Any new information is a potential target for manipulation by Information Warfare attacks. The operation of the two ...