We build the natural language question-answering system, where the query representation formula is subject to transformation in accordance to the set of default rules. This transformation is required to disambiguate entities in a vertical domain, where they usually have a principle meaning and a set of foreign ones. Default reasoning is discussed to be applicable to a variety of semantic proces...

Learning a verb’s meaning and its associated syntactic structures pose a number of difficult problems for a learner. However, it is widely assumed that there are consistent correspondences between verb meanings and verb syntax, and that knowledge of these correspondences may provide important help to the learner (Gleitman 1990; Grimshaw 1981; Landau & Gleitman 1985; Pinker 1989; Gropen et al. 1...

Objective: Verbal fluency is a cognitive function that can be easily assessed in bedside and provide useful data for clinical assessment of a variety of cognitive functions. We decided to provide a standardized test for the assessment of verbal fluency in Persian language, including both phonemic and semantic fluency subtests.  Method: First, three letters (P, D, and Sh) and three categories (...

Objective: According to the declarative/procedural model, the semantic aspect of language depends on the brain structures responsible for declarative memory. The word pairs task is a common tool for evaluating declarative memory. The current study aimed to design a valid and reliable task for evaluating declarative memory in Persian children at learning and retention stages and to investigate i...

(2012): A node semantic similarity schema-matching method for multi-version Web This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make...

The aim of the paper is to propose a new description of extraction in plain TAG. Contrary to Kroch 1987’s analysis, our description is based on the fact that the power of a relative clause to adjoin on a noun can be attached to the wh-word rather than to a verb. This analysis solves some problems of the previous analysis, notably by giving the right semantic dependency in case of pied-piping. W...

content-based image retrieval and text-based image retrieval are two fundamental approaches in the field of image retrieval. the challenges related to each of these approaches, guide the researchers to use combining approaches and semi-automatic retrieval using the user interaction in the retrieval cycle. hence, in this paper, an image retrieval system is introduced that provided two kind of qu...

An important task in logic, given a formula and knowledge base which represents what an agent knows of the current state world, is to be able guess truth value formula. Logic reasoners are designed perform inferences, that is, decide whether logical consequence base, stronger than can intractable some cases. In addition, under open-world assumption, it may turn out impossible infer or its negat...

In Shannon theory, semantic aspects of communication were identified but considered irrelevant to the technical problems. Semantic (SC) techniques have recently attracted renewed research interests in $\rm 6^{th}$ generation (6G) wirele...