we define a new type of spectrum, called δ-approximate spectrum, of an element a in a complex unital banach algebra a and show that the δ-approximate spectrum σ_δ (a) of a is compact. the relation between the δ-approximate spectrum and the usual spectrum is investigated. also an analogue of the classical gleason-kahane-zelazko theorem is established: for each ε>0, there is δ>0 such that if ϕ is...

thechah nimeh reservoirs of sistan is as one of the main water sources of zabol city used for drinking, agriculture, industry and livestock purposes. this study aimed to determine the contribution of the natural and concentration factors of heavy metals such as cd, pb and cu in sediment of chah nimeh of sistan. the concentrations of heavy metals in surface sediments were studied in six stations...

we analyze a sequential decision making process, in which at each stepthe decision is made in two stages. in the rst stage a partially optimalaction is chosen, which allows the decision maker to learn how to improveit under the new environment. we show how inertia (cost of changing)may lead the process to converge to a routine where no further changesare made. we illustrate our scheme with som...

abstract uranium as a natural radioactive heavy metal widely disperses throughout the earth's crust. in many cases, the natural abundance has been re-distributed due to anthropogenic activities, resulting in radionuclide contamination in groundwater and surface soil. uranium through the plant uptake can enter the chain. the degree of speciation of radio nuclides in soils in areas with differing...

Feature selection process is used to reduce the feature vector length and identify thediscriminative features. Many acoustic-phonetic features including Mel-Frequency CepstralCoefficient (MFCC), Energy, Pitch, Zero-crossing, spectrum were tested individually for Arabicmispronunciation detection using three classifiers; Random Forest, Bayesian classifier, BaggedSupport Vector Machine (SVM). The ...

Sequential activation of neurons that occurs during “offline” states, such as sleep or awake rest, are correlated with neural sequences recorded during preceding exploration phases. This so-called reactivation, or replay, has been observed in a number of different brain regions such as the striatum, prefrontal cortex, primary visual cortex and, most prominently, the hippocampus. Reactivation la...

Sequential activation of neurons that occurs during "offline" states, such as sleep or awake rest, is correlated with neural sequences recorded during preceding exploration phases. This so-called reactivation, or replay, has been observed in a number of different brain regions such as the striatum, prefrontal cortex, primary visual cortex and, most prominently, the hippocampus. Reactivation lar...

BACKGROUND Despite substantial similarities and overlaps in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) and autism spectrum disorders, little is known about the clinical and etiologic cohesion of these two disorders. We therefore aimed to determine the patterns of comorbidity, longitudinal risks, and shared familial risks between these disorders. METHODS In a prospective study...