Introduction: This research was planned to determine some verbal-auditory skills (verbal-auditory short memory and phonological awareness) that have the closest relationship with speech and language development in 5-year-old children. Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 400 children of pre-school classes affiliated to Education and Welfare organizations in Semnan city were select...

Infants prefer to listen to happy speech. To assess influences of speech affect on early lexical processing, 7.5and 10.5-month-old infants were familiarized with one word spoken with happy affect and another with neutral affect and then tested on recognition of these words in fluent passages. Infants heard all passages either with happy affect or with neutral affect. Contrary to initial expecta...

Abstract Word-order asymmetry between source language and target has been recognized as a major obstacle in interpreting. Regarding whether the original word order is changed production, two strategies for asymmetrical structures are identified: chunking reordering. This study primarily examined cognitive mechanism involved applying these during English to Chinese sight translation. The load as...