In this paper we consider the conjecture through the Dehn filling construction. LetM be a compact, connected, orientable, irreducible 3-manifold M such that ∂M is a torus. Recall that a slope on ∂M is the isotopy class of an unoriented, simple, essential loop in ∂M . We use ∆(r1, r2) to denote the distance (i.e. the minimal geometric intersection number) between two slopes r1 and r2 on ∂M and u...

The dark-adapted current-voltage (I-V) curve of a ventral photoreceptor cell of Limulus, measured by a voltage-clamp technique, has a high slope-resistance region more negative than resting voltage, a lower slope-resistance region between resting voltage and zero, and a negative slope-resistance region more positive than 0 v. With illumination, we find no unique voltage at which there is no lig...

First derivative based tools have been very popular for detecting features in nonparametric curve estimators. However, in many applications second derivative information is quite important for identifying statistically significant features. This paper illustrates several different ways in which second derivative based inference significantly improves upon methods based on first derivatives. The...

A number of theoretical models predict that the slope of the Phillips curve increases with trade openness, but cross-country studies provide little evidence for such a correlation. We highlight two reasons for this …nding. Firstly, the strength of the relationship may depend on the extent of exchange rate adjustment, which is a potential determinant of output and in‡ation dynamics in open econo...

  Application of gepraphic information system and image processing in evaluation of surface runoff of a watershed in recent years has increased greatly. In the study , the runoff curve number map was prepared using geographic information system (GIS)and Landsat Sattelite Images (ETM+)for two watersheds of Mansourabad in southern Khorasan province and Navroud in Gilan province based on the facto...

Spontaneous fluctuation indices of cardiovagal baroreflex have been suggested to be inaccurate measures of baroreflex function during orthostatic stress compared with alternate open-loop methods (e.g. neck pressure/suction, modified Oxford method). We therefore tested the hypothesis that spontaneous fluctuation measurements accurately reflect local baroreflex gain (slope) at the operating point...