Humans are highly social creatures. Evidence from the dot perspective task suggests that humans automatically track the perspective of other individuals – a disposition that, if true, may help to facilitate social interaction. However, variants of the original dot perspective task suggest the alternative interpretation that the effect in the task is not due to perspective taking. Here, we prese...

MacKayfs initial chapter of this book demonstrates the complexity of the empathy construct by reviewing various definitions and conceptualizations of empathy. The present chapter analyzes empathy as a personality disposition. Empathy-like any personality disposition-possesses four levels of meaning. These four levels of meaning are: (1) global, evaluative impressions about an actor perceived by...

The objective of this research is to propose a novel approach for using a behavioral biometric known as keystroke analysis, to facilitate decision making in the context of an intrusion detection system (IDS). Regardless of the situation, individuals have a specific baseline or disposition to decision making based on two psychological factors: (1) indecisiveness, and (2) intolerance of uncertain...

Humans react strongly to unfairness, sometimes rejecting inequitable proposals even if this sacrifices personal financial gain. Here we explored whether emotional dispositions--trait tendencies to experience positive or negative feelings--shape the rejection of unfair financial offers. Participants played an Ultimatum Game, where the division of a sum of money is proposed and the player can acc...

Abstract Reading fiction has been associated with improved social and imaginative reasoning that could lead to critical thinking. This observational study investigated the relationship between nonfiction exposure, narrative transportation, factors of thinking (critical disposition, epistemological orientation). Self-selecting participants ( N = 335) completed an online survey including author r...

This paper analyses the presence of the disposition effect in the Australia equity market. We examine over 10,000 individual investor accounts at a leading local retail brokerage. Robust evidences of the disposition effect are found across all investors. We further explore the contributing factors for the observed bias by separating the sample into groups with different demographic features and...

Cooperation is a fundamental human trait but our understanding of how it functions remains incomplete. Indirect reciprocity is a particular case in point, where one-shot donations are made to unrelated beneficiaries without any guarantee of payback. Existing insights are largely from two independent perspectives: i) individual-level cognitive behaviour in decision making, and ii) identification...