This paper discusses the importance of background concentrations of NH3, SO2 and NOx for the estimation of environmental external costs of secondary particulates. A modified version of the ECOSENSE software was developed within the ongoing series of European ExternE projects, devoted to the assessment of energy related environmental external costs. Using the Windrose Trajectory Model the yearly...

Section 2, the main portion of the paper, discusses the two primary ways of understanding software costs. The "black-box" or influence-function approach provides useful experimental and observational insights on the relative software productivity and quality leverage of various management, technical, environmental, and personnel options. The "glass-box" or cost distribution approach helps ident...

Accurate estimating is one of the most important activities in the field of software project management. Different aspects of software projects must be estimated among which time and effort are of significant importance to efficient project planning. Due to complexity of software projects and lack of information at the early stages of project, reliable effort estimation is a challenging issue. ...

Ideally, software engineering should be able to use machine learning to control or significantly decrease the costs associated with building software. In reality, there are very few examples of applying such applications early in the software life cycle. One reason for the scarcity of examples is the lack of empirical data in the software engineering discipline. This dilemma is quite evident wh...

Software rejuvenation is a preventive maintenance technique that has been extensively studied in the recent literature. In this paper, we extend the classical result by Huang, Kintala, Kolettis and Fulton (1995), and in addition propose a modified stochastic model to generate the software rejuvenation schedule. More precisely, the software rejuvenation models are formulated via the semi-Markov ...

This project involves research about software effort estimation using machine learning algorithms. Software cost and are crucial parts of development. It determines the budget, time resources needed to develop a project. One well-established models is Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) which was developed in 1980s. Even though such model being used, COCOMO has some weaknesses developers still fac...

It is well known that complexity affects software development and maintenance costs. In the Open Source context, the sharing of development and maintenance effort among developers is a fundamental tenet, which can be thought as a driver to reduce the impact of complexity on maintenance costs. However, complexity is a structural property of code, which is not quantitatively accounted for in trad...