2 Condensed matter and structure 4 2.1 Structure of liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 Structure of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3 Structure of solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Crystalline solids . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

A hard X-ray transparent triaxial deformation apparatus, called HADES, has been developed by Sanchez Technologies and installed on the microtomography beamline ID19 at the European Radiation Synchrotron Facility (ESRF). This rig can be used for time-lapse microtomography studies of the deformation of porous solids (rocks, ceramics, metallic foams) at conditions of confining pressure to 100 MPa,...

The quantum nature of matter lies in the wave function phases that accumulate while particles move along their trajectories. A prominent example is the Aharonov-Bohm phase, which has been studied in connection with the conductance of nanostructures. However, optical response in solids is determined by neutral excitations, for which no sensitivity to magnetic flux would be expected. We propose a...

Water provision for developing countries is a critical issue as a vast number of lives are lost annually due to lack of access to safe drinking water. The presence and fate of inorganic trace contaminants is of particular concern. Trace inorganic contaminants have been found in elevated concentrations in drinking waters supplied directly from brackish groundwaters in developing countries. Desal...

Solving the Maxwell’s equations, an electric filed enhancement is observed in monochromatically irradiated, oneand twodimensional dispersed dielectric solids with random size distribution. This enhancement is a few orders of magnitude higher than the incident field, for some arrangements. The probability density and the location of enhanced field are determined forgiven solid complex refractive...

comnode classification within membrane residue curves (m-rcms) currently hinges on lyapunov’s theorem and therefore the computation of mathematically complex eigenvalues. this paper presents an alternative criterion for the classification of nodes within m-rcms based on the total membrane flux at node compositions. this paper demonstrates that for a system exhibiting simple permeation behaviour...

The results of experiments on municipal wastewater primary effluent are presented for a pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). The SMBR pilot plant employed an ultrafiltration membrane with a nominal pore size of 0.035 microm and was operated at a constant membrane flux of 30 L/m(2)h. The mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration was maintained at 8+/-2 g/L and steady-state ...

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to present a regulator for control of the continuous-sedimentation process in a clarifier-thickener unit when this is modelled in one space dimension and when the settling properties of the solids obey Kynch’s assumption. The model is a scalar hyperbolic conservation law with space-discontinuous flux function and point source. The most desired type of solu...

eight sites were sampled during seven rain events to quantify and identify the sources ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban runoff in the city of tijuana, mexico. the total σ16 pahsconcentration rangedfrom 1113 to 4866 μg/lin the sampled sites and thetotal suspended solid concentrations ranged from 7725 to 4413 μg/l. the high concentrations of total suspended solids were probably the res...