Background and Purpose Niemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) is a lysosomal storage disorder with disrupted intracellular cholesterol trafficking. A cyclic heptasaccharide, 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD), solubilizer that being developed to treat NPC, but its ototoxicity pulmonary toxicity remain important issues. We have characterized 2‐hydroxypropyl‐γ‐cyclodextrin (HP‐γ‐CD), octasacchar...

The ABC transporters multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are of interest in drug development, since they affect the pharmacokinetics of several drugs. Membrane vesicle transport assays are widely used to study interactions with these proteins. Since albumin has been found to affect the kinetics of metabolic enzymes in similar membrane pre...

By use of a flow dilution olfactometer, tritium-labeled odorants were presented through the external naris to the bullfrog's intact olfactory sac. After stimulation the animal was frozen in liquid nitrogen. The dorsal surface and eminentia of the olfactory sac were then removed and sawed into sections perpendicular to the long axis of the mucosal surface. Each section was dissolved in a tissue ...

Biofertilizers have been used as sources to improve plant nutrients in sustainable agriculture. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum and potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculated in nutrient limited soil planted with pepper and cucumber. Results showed that rock P and K a...

Clinically, paclitaxel (PTX) is one of most commonly prescribed therapies against a wide range of solid neoplasms. Despite its success, the clinical applicability of PTX (Taxol) is severely hampered by systemic toxicities induced by Cremophor EL. While attempts to bypass the need for Cremophor EL have been developed through platforms such as Abraxane, nab relies heavily on the use of organic so...

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the most important disorder after premature ejaculation for sexual activity in men. Vardenafil hydrochloride (VH) is an oral therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. VH oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) have been prepared by freeze drying technique to improve its dissolution profile and the overall clinical performance. Dapoxetine hydrochloride (DH) was a...

The treatment of onychomycosis is a challenging task because of unique barrier properties of the nail plate which hampers the passage of antifungal drugs in a concentration required to eradicate the deeply seated causative fungi in the nail bed. In present investigation, application of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was established as an effective and nail friendly transungual drug perm...

OBJECTIVES All commercially available triamcinolone acetonide (TACA) suspensions, used for intravitreal treatment, contain retinal toxic vehicles (e.g., benzyl alcohol, solubilizer). Our aim was to find a convenient and reproducible method to compound a completely preservative-free TACA suspension, adapted to the intraocular physiology, with consistent quality (i.e., proven sterility and stabil...

Objective: Felodipine (FD) is an effective Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class II calcium channel blocker mainly used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. It has poor solubility low oral bioavailability (15%). To overcome these disadvantages to maintain constant plasma concentration for maximum therapeutic activity, there a need design alternative route, that is, tran...

the aim of this study was preparation and evaluation of ciprofloxacin-containing minitablets for ocular use, in an attempt to obtain prolonged and controlled drug release to the anterior eye segment. following initial studies on ciprofloxacin powder, it was formulated into ocular minitablets. for this purpose, ciprofloxacin along with various amounts of different sustained release cellulose der...