Trolley dilemmas are widely used to elicit moral intuitions. Most people do not think it would be morally right to push a heavy man from a bridge, thereby killing him, in order to avoid the death of several other people. Here we empirically tested a prediction by Unger (1996) who claims that adding more options to this scenario would shift people’s intuition from the normally preferred option o...

Some people wonder whether there are witches, others believe that there are some, and many think there are none. All of them raise hard issues about meaning and propositional attitudes. Suppose, for example, that there are no witches. Then it seems the term ‘witch’ refers to nothing. So, plausibly, the word ‘witch’ means nothing. Hence, sentences that contain the term ‘witch’, such as ‘There ar...

Nudging people towards sustainable diets can help mitigate agricultural emissions. Recent debate suggests “nudges” have heterogeneous treatment effects in the population, including some backfire effects. In this paper, we present experimental evidence on backfiring to a nudge, after pledge for food choices. The effect is driven by people’s short-term intention eat sustainably. Specifically, com...

OBJECTIVES to find out the attitudes to brain donation for research purposes and factors involved in decision-making in elderly people. DESIGN questionnaire administered after the decision had been made. SETTING AND SUBJECTS 200 of the 640 people in Nottingham aged 67-100 who were assessed as part of the Medical Research Council multicentre Cognitive Function and Ageing Study of 2,518 peopl...

According to some philosophers, if moral agency is understood in behaviourist terms, robots could become agents that are as good or even better than humans. Given the conception, it natural think there no interesting difference between and humans terms of (call equivalence thesis). However, such differences exist: based on Strawson’s account participant reactive attitude Scanlon’s relational bl...

Earthquake and tsunami disasters always bring negative impacts losses for humans. The high frequency of earthquake in Sulawesi the massive impact destruction damage to infrastructure, loss homes property, death people are partly due lack knowledge this potential disaster by surrounding community. Therefore, it is necessary study on Island, Lesson Learned about Disaster that has occurred past. T...

1. Computation and human specialness. The new kid on the block in cognitive science these days is dynamic systems. This way of thinking about the mind is, as usual, radically opposed to computationalism-the hypothesis that thinking is computing. The use of dynamic systems is just the latest in a series of attempts, from Searle's Chinese Room Argument, through the weirdnesses of postmodernism, t...

After introducing the new field of cultural evolution, we review a growing body empirical evidence suggesting that culture shapes what people attend to, perceive and remember as well how they think, feel reason. Focusing on perception, spatial navigation, mentalizing, thinking styles, reasoning (epistemic norms) language, discuss not only important variation in these domains, but emphasize most...