Fresh leaves of vitex negundu were collected and macroscopic and microscopic characters were determined. Soxhlet extraction of the powdered leavers was carried out using petroleum ether (40:60) and chloroform. Idenitification of important phytoconstituents was carried out. Characterization by TLC showed the presence of vitexin. The processed leaf extract was tested for antimicrobial activity. T...

In this paper the extraction of oils from trout waste is investigated. Trout heads, viscera and spine, obtained from a fish-processing company, have been separately freeze-dried and then extracted. Two different solvent extraction techniques have been utilized and compared: the common soxhlet extraction, which utilizes n-hexane at atmospheric pressure as solvent, and the supercritical CO2 extra...

Screening by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been carried out on sludge extracts of wastewater treatment basins. Soxhlet extraction with trichlorotrifluoroethane was applied. The yields for petroleum hydrocarbons and PAH recovery were high, usually in excess of 90%. The proposed investigations permit a quick assessment of petroleum...

Analytical methods published in the last 20 years for the extraction, chromatographic separation, and quantification of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) and related compounds in environmental samples are reviewed. Examples of various isolation and preconcentration techniques for water, effluent, sediment and sludge are presented. This includes procedures from the classical liquid-liquid and Soxhl...

A preliminary approach to achieve compatible simultaneous extraction of aflatoxin and residual oil from pressed oil meals was conducted to determine the minimum amount of water to be added to ethanol versus necessary time to achieve complete removal of aflatoxin. Commercial anhydrous, 96, 93 and 90°GL ethanol were utilized in trials with Soxhlet extractors. Commercial anhydrous ethanol did not ...

A new method of ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE) was used to extract the ginsenosides from Panax quinquefolium L. (American ginseng) root at room temperature. Several solvents, including water, ethanol, methanol, and n-butanol were used in the UPE. The ginsenosides were quantified by a HPLC equipped with UV-vis detector. The results showed that ethanol is the most efficient solvent among the...

In this work, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of three acetophenones (4-hydroxyacetophenone, baishouwubenzophenone, and 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone) from Cynanchum bungei (ACB) were investigated. The optimal conditions for extraction of ACB were obtained using a Box-Behnken design, consisting of 17 experimental points, as follows: Ethanol (100%) as the extraction solvent at a temperature of ...