The hydrothermal-vent gastropod Alviniconcha aff. hessleri from the Kairei hydrothermal field on the Central Indian Ridge houses bacterium-like cells internally in its greatly enlarged gill. A single 16S rRNA gene sequence was obtained from the DNA extract of the gill, and phylogenetic analysis placed the source organism within a lineage of the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Fluores...

estimation of weed damage threshold is essensial in site-specific weed control programs. this experiment was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of weeds damage threshold in two wheat feilds. data related to weed biomass and crop yield were collected from sampling at 120 and 135 points of the first and second fields respectively based on a 4×4 m grid at research field of agricultura...

Temporal variations in soil microbial biomass C concentration and in activity of extracellular enzymes of the cellulolytic complex were investigated in a ®eld experiment after eight years of cultivation with either low organic matter input (low-OM) or high organic matter input (high-OM). The cultivation systems differed in whether their source of fertiliser was mainly mineral or organic, in whe...

The microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production represents a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the discovery of new microbial enzymes with high activity is critical for improving biomass conversion processes. While attempts to identify superior lignocellulose-degrading enzymes have focused predominantly on the animal gut, biomass-degrading communities in...

We analyze a stage-structured biomass model for size-structured consumer-resource interactions. Maturation of juvenile consumers is modeled with a food-dependent function that consistently translates individual-level assumptions about growth in body size to the population level. Furthermore, the model accounts for stage-specific differences in resource use and mortality between juvenile and adu...

Fertilizer with different ratios of nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) can influence crop plant performance and defense against herbivores. Spodoptera exigua is an important agricultural pest that has caused serious economic loss, especially in recent decades. In the present study, we explored effects of different intensities and durations of S. exigua herbivory on host plant biomass and on S. exig...

The individual and interactive effects of three independent variables i.e. carbon source (glucose), nitrogen source (sodium nitrate) and inducer (ϵ-caprolactam) on nitrilase production from Fusarium proliferatum were investigated using design of experiments (DOE) methodology. Response surface methodology (RSM) was followed to generate the process model and to obtain the optimal conditions for m...

background and objectives: the seed extract of silybum marianum contains seven flavonolignans known collectively as silymarin. these metabolites can be produced in hairy root cultures of s. marianum. the effect of different physical factors can change root biomass and silymarin production which has been investigated in the present study. methods: the effect of different physical factors of temp...