Meloidogyne incognita egg masses were immersed in different concentrations of six volaule fatty acids to bioassay their toxic effect on embryonic development and hatching. Exposure to a 250 ppm aqueous solution of volatile fatty, acids completely suppressed egg hatching within 48 hours. When exposed to a 125 ppm concentration hatching was reduced 75 % by acetic acid, 91% by propionic acid, 23% ...

A 96-h LC(50) values of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], a common contaminating agricultural herbicide, were determined on the adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758; Pisces, Cyprinidae). The study was conducted in two stages using 130 carp. The data obtained were statistically evaluated by the use of the EPA computer program based on Finney's Probit Analysis Method and a 96-h LC(...

Red crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is widely farmed in the southern states of Louisiana and Texas. It is the most valuable of commercial crayfish species in the United States, where it is considered a delicacy. In recent years, its availability has decreased due to environmental contamination by toxic chemicals including lead. In the present study, we conducted a ninety-six-hour static renewal ...

Objective: The toxic effects of sublethal concentrations of endosulfan on Oreochromis niloticus was examined using bioaccumulation and histopathology studies of the liver as toxicological endpoint.  Methods: The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development #407 recommended static renewal bioassay was employed during the test .The test fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrat...

BACKGROUND Variation in response to insecticidal proteins is common upon repetition of insect bioassays. Understanding this variation is a prerequisite to detecting biologically important differences. We tracked neonate Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) susceptibility to Vip3Aa19 over 17 generations using standardized bioassay methods. Five larval pretreatment conditions and one bioassay condi...

Abstract Background and Aims: The Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is a baculovirus and very effective biological control agent against apple pest, codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. especially for healthy organic apple production and protection.  Not only, screening of CpGV isolates via biochemical variation, but also their biological variation is practically necessary.  Howeve...

Objective: The toxic effects of sublethal concentrations of endosulfan on Oreochromis niloticus was examined using bioaccumulation and histopathology studies of the liver as toxicological endpoint.  Methods: The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development #407 recommended static renewal bioassay was employed during the test .The test fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrat...

In pharmaceutical drug discovery and agricultural crop product discovery, in vivo bioassay experiments are used to identify promising compounds for further research. The reproducibility and accuracy of the bioassay is crucial to be able to correctly distinguish between active and inactive compounds. In the case of agricultural product discovery, a replicated dose-response of commercial crop pro...

Currently, the only accepted assay with which to detect active Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin is an in vivo mouse bioassay. The mouse bioassay is sensitive and robust and does not require specialized equipment. However, the mouse bioassay is slow and not practical in many settings, and it results in the death of animals. Here, we describe an in vitro cleavage assay for SNAP-25 (synaptosome-as...