Issues of unequal risk distribution among sickness funds are given increasing attention in the current discussions on the reform of the statutory health insurance system in Germany. This paper examines the structural determinants of risk distribution and points toward the links between social stratification, competition, health risk and insurance status. A model showing the links between basi...

Aims and method The study reports findings of an investigation into the presence of severe and enduring mental health problems within the four statutory and non-statutory teams of an established substance misuse treatment partnership. Results Of a total of 772 clients in the four teams surveyed, 69 (8.9%) were identified as having severe and enduring mental health problems and problem substance...

In January 1994, the Federal Reserve Board permitted a commercial bank to begin using a new type of computer software that dynamically reclassifies balances in its customer accounts from transaction deposits to a type of personal-saving deposit, the money market deposit account (MMDA).1 This reclassification reduces the bank’s statutory required reserves while leaving unchanged its customers’ p...

We analyse the legal requirements that digital signature schemes have to fulfil to achieve the Statutory Trust granted by the EU electronic signature laws (“legally equivalent to hand-written signatures”). Legally, we found that the possibility to detect subsequent changes is important for the Statutory Trust. However, detectability was neither adequately nor precisely enough defined in the tec...

Abstract: “Was taxation so heavy in the Russian transition that firms could not stay afloat?” is the question that this paper aims to answer. It details the fiscal structure and uses data from a number of sources to calculate statutory tax rates faced by businesses in 1995. The results show that statutory rates were manageable in the short run but unsustainable for several sectors in the long r...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the critical opportunities for design safety (DFS), potential statutory (and non-statutory) health and (H&S) responsibilities designers including DFS its workability in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach Interviews were conducted among 28 multi-designers Architects, Civil Engineers Builders data was analysed thematically. Fi...

This study aims to: 1) Describe Indonesia’s current environmental policy; 2) the policy of Community Support System. research is normative legal with a statutory approach and System concept approach. policies after enactment Job Creation Law have reduced participation community in obtaining good healthy living environment, as evidenced by failure community’s right to sue involvement only for th...