[1] This paper compares seasonal and spatial variations of MODIS albedos with those from the Community Land Model (CLM2). MODIS surface albedo data from September 2000 to August 2002 were used to investigate the model biases. To assess how inaccuracies in the land surface data used in CLM2 contribute to the model albedo biases, we created a new land surface dataset using the highest quality rep...

We estimate the optical signal for an oceanographic lidar from the one-dimensional transient (time-dependent) radiative transfer equation using the discrete ordinates method. An oceanographic lidar directs a pulsed blue or green laser into the ocean and measures the time-dependent backscattered light. A large number of parameters affect the performance of such a system. Here the optical signal ...

The replacement of native vegetation for agriculture leads to significant changes in land surface characteristics, such as albedo, surface roughness and canopy resistance. These land surface changes induce changes in the atmospheric boundary layer. It is shown that in Western Australia, this change in surface characteristics and in particular, the albedo, has reduced the occurrence of convectiv...

We use the GEANT4 Monte Carlo framework to calculate the γ-ray albedo of the Moon due to interactions of cosmic ray (CR) nuclei with moon rock. Our calculation of the albedo spectrum agrees with the EGRET data. We show that the spectrum of γ-rays from the Moon is very steep with an effective cutoff around 4 GeV (600 MeV for the inner part of the Moon disc). Apart from other astrophysical source...

The relevance of snow for climate studies is based on its physical properties, such as high surface reflectivity. Surface ultraviolet (UV) albedo is an essential parameter for various applications based on radiative transfer modeling. Here, new continuous measurements of the local UV albedo of natural Arctic snow were made at Sodankylä (6722N, 2639E, 179 m a.s.l.) during the spring of 2007. The...

We use the GEANT4 Monte Carlo framework to calculate the γ-ray albedo of the Moon due to interactions of cosmic ray (CR) nuclei with moon rock. Our calculation of the albedo spectrum agrees with the EGRET data. We show that the spectrum of γ-rays from the Moon is very steep with an effective cutoff around 4 GeV (600 MeV for the inner part of the Moon disc). Apart from other astrophysical source...

Albedo characterizes the radiometric interface of land surfaces, especially vegetation, and the atmosphere. Albedo is a critical input to many models, such as crop growth models, hydrological models and climate models. For the extensive attention to crop monitoring, a physical albedo model for crops is developed based on the law of energy conservation and spectral invariants, which is derived f...

The albedo is the white part of the citrus peel, which acts as a water reservoir for the juice sacs, seeds and leaves in times of drought. As the functionality of the albedo is unknown, we examined in this study the hypolipidemic and bifidogenic potentials of dietary fiber (DF) prepared from the Mikan (Japanese mandarin orange: Citrus unshiu) albedo. The albedo was obtained from Mikan harvested...