The rapid expansion of wind power generation has brought problems involving lightning strikes to the fore. Many such incidents have damaged not only the wind turbine that was actually struck, but also other turbines that were not. The phenomenon of surge invasion to the distribution line is categorized as “back-flow surge”. It has been reported that this back-flow surge sometimes burns out surg...

Lightning-caused fire is the most important natural fire source. Its induced forest fire brings enormous losses to human beings and ecological environment. Many countries have paid great attention to the prediction of lightning-caused fire. From the viewpoint of the main factors affecting the formation of lightning-caused fire, this paper emphatically analyzed the effects and action mechanisms ...

Lightning, one of the most powerful forces in nature, once was mysterious, magical and feared as the great weapon of the Gods. Ancient Greeks feared lightning as it was believed to be hurled by Zeus, the king of the Gods. For the Vikings, lightning was produced by Thor as his hammer struck an anvil while riding his chariot across the sky. American Indians believed that lightning was caused by b...

In this paper, we compare various lightning characteristics measured by the Austrian lightning locating system [Austrian Lightning Detection and Information System (ALDIS)] with those found in the literature. The latter are typically based on measurements of lightning electric fields. We show that lightning peak electric fields due to subsequent strokes measured by the ALDIS are similar to thos...

Introduction: The Puzzle Consider the following scenario: on a stormy night, a tree was struck by lightning, caught fire and burned down. What caused the tree to burn down? Even though both the lightning strike and the presence of oxygen were required and sufficient for combustion, we usually say the lightning strike is " the cause " of the fire and the presence of oxygen is merely a background...