Replication is a fundamental pillar in the construction of scientific knowledge. Test data generation for procedural programs can be tackled using a single-target or a many-objective approach. The proponents of LIPS, a novel single-target test generator, conducted a preliminary empirical study to compare their approach with MOSA, an alternative many-objective test generator. However, their empi...

BACKGROUND Direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTCGT) offers risk estimates for a variety of complex diseases and conditions, yet little is known about its impact on actual users, including their decisions about sharing the information gleaned from testing. Ethical considerations include the impact of unsolicited genetic information with variable validity and clinical utility on relatives, and ...

BACKGROUND The lumbar puncture (LP) is a procedural competency deemed necessary by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the Emergency Medicine and Pediatric Residency Review Committees. The emergency department (ED) is a primary site for residents to be evaluated performing neonatal LPs. Current evaluation methods lack validity evidence as assessment tools. OBJECTIVES ...

background: migraine is one of the most common headaches that affect 11% or more adult population. recently, researchers have designed two questionnaires, namely headache impact test (hit) and migraine disability assessment (midas), with the aim of improving migraine care. these two tests provide a standard measurement about migraine's effects on people's life style that divide patients into 4 ...

objective: theory of mind (tom) or mindreading is an aspect of social cognition that evaluates mental states and beliefs of oneself and others. validity and reliability are very important criteria when evaluating standard tests; and without them, these tests are not usable. the aim of this study was to systematically review the validity and reliability of published english comprehensive tom tes...

this study was conducted to examine the impact of formative and summative assessment in the professional development of iranian efl instructors at universities. moreover, an attempt was made to figure out whether the formative assessment is more effective than the summative assessment. since the present work is qualitative/quantitative research in nature, it was conducted within the ethnography...

OBJECTIVES To examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of a new context-specific questionnaire for the assessment of work and organisational factors. The Work Organisation Assessment Questionnaire (WOAQ) was developed as part of a risk assessment and risk reduction methodology for hazards inherent in the design and management of work in the manufacturing sector. METHOD Two stud...

OBJECTIVE To design and develop an instrument to assess the degree of organisational development achieved in primary medical care organisations. DESIGN An iterative development, feasibility and validation study of an organisational assessment instrument. SETTING Primary medical care organisations. PARTICIPANTS Primary care teams and external facilitators. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Responses...