When root canal therapy is done according to accepted clinical principles and under aseptic conditions, the success rate is generally high. However, it has also been reported that 16% to 64.5% of endodontically treated teeth are associated with periapical radiolucent lesions. There are great variations among clinicians when suggesting treatment of these failed endodontic cases. This article wil...

Gemination aka twinning and fusion, are rare occurrences in posterior mandibular teeth, often requiring endodontic and surgical treatment for functional, orthodontic or cosmetic reasons. The diagnosis and design of a precise treatment plan in cases involving double teeth are in most cases challenging. The purpose of this case report is to describe a successful multidisciplinary treatment protoc...

AIM The purpose of this case report is to describe a nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular left second premolar with two separate roots and three distinct root canals. BACKGROUND In endodontics, the possible existence of extra canals must be considered before endodontic treatment is instituted. A wide morphological variation of the root canal system is known to exist. CASE DESCRI...

Many endodontists avoid surgical procedures in proximity to the mental foramen. Although a healthy respect for regional anatomy is important, this should not be at the expense of failing to offer the most appropriate endodontic care. When correct preoperative diagnostic and surgical techniques are used, serious negative sequelae are rarely encountered. Three simple steps used during presurgical...

The case reports describes non surgical healing in periradicular lesions.A conservative approach with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was used for irrigation, and calcium hydroxide was used for the intra-canal dressing and 2% chlorohexidine as a final irrigant. Periapical healing was observed 1 month after obturation and continued in the 12-month recall. This report confirms that the large size of a ...

The objective of this retrospective practice-based study was to evaluate the survival molar teeth and endodontic success after complex treatment up 89 months. Endodontically (Endodontic Treatment Classification (ETC) scores II III) treated first second molars between January 2011-October 2017 within a referral setting were included. Open apices, combined surgical treatment, ETC score I, patient...

CASE REPORTS The problem of thermal sensitivity following non-surgical root-canal treatment is explored and case reports are presented. Possible causes for post-treatment discomfort from endodontic and restorative aetiologies are discussed, as are the mechanisms to explain the patients' painful experiences. Treatment of this problem may vary from the simple replacement of a defective restoratio...