The aim of this paper was to confirm the efficacy of adrenocorticotropin depot (ACTH-depot) therapy in pregnancies with threatened miscarriage and preterm delivery through the desired stimulation of the adrenal glands controlled by the rest of organism. The activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis plays a key role in pregnancy. Such naturally stimulated endogenous corticosteroid hormones...

Endocrine-disruptor compounds (EDCs) can mimic natural hormones and produce adverse effects in the endocrine functions by interacting with estrogen receptors. EDCs include both natural and synthetic chemicals, such as hormones, personal care products, surfactants, and flame retardants, among others. EDCs are characterised by their ubiquitous presence at trace-level concentrations and their wide...

Conjugates of estrogenic chemicals, endogenous as well as xenobiotic, are mainly excreted via bile into the intestine. Therefore, measurement of estrogenic activity in bile yields useful information about an organism's internal exposure to (xeno-)estrogens. Although previous studies in The Netherlands have reported estrogenic activity in male fish bile, the contribution of natural hormones and ...

Estrogens are hormones responsible for growth and reproduction. They are naturally synthesized by animals and humans alike. Xenoestrogens are identical to natural hormones, but they are manmade and used as oral contraceptives. Xenoestrogens are a specific group of drugs found in domestic wastewater and some environmental matrices. These compounds remain after conventional sewage treatment and, ...

The physiological process of molting in insects is governed by hormones. The ecdysteroid hormones coordinate the major stages of insect development by binding to the ecdysone receptor (EcR). Attempts to control insects through targeting the EcR are now gaining importance. In this study the protein sequence of ecdysone receptor of Helicoverpa armigera (Hub) and Spodoptera litura (Fab) were model...

Background: Metabolomics is the simultaneous determination of all metabolites in a system. Despite significant advances field, compound identification remains challenge. Prior knowledge classes interest can improve metabolite identification. Hormones are small signaling molecules, which function coordination to direct aspects development, and reproduction living syst...

The liver monitors and controls the transport, catabolism and excretion of the thyroid hormones. Thyroxin binding globulin (TBG), the main transport protein of thyroid hormones is synthesized in the liver and binds over seventy-five percent of the circulating hormones. Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 occurs in the live leading to initiation of action and breakdown of the hormones. Thus conjug...

Nuclear receptors play important roles in the maintenance of the endocrine system, regulation of organ differentiation, and fetal development. Endocrine disruptors exert their adverse effects by disrupting the endocrine system via various mechanisms. To assess the effects of endocrine disruptors on nuclear receptors, we developed a high-throughput method for identifying activators of nuclear re...