A digital imaging system containing a calibration target, an image capture device, and a mathematical model to estimate spectral reflectance factor was treated as a spectrophotometer and as such subject to systematic and random errors. The systematic errors considered were photometric zero, photometric linear and nonlinear scale, wavelength linear and nonlinear scale, and bandwidth. To diagnose...

The improvements in structured lighting-based 3D optical camera measurement systems have made the non-contact data acquisition (3D ranging) systems more applicable. A major critical issue in range image acquisition concerns the data accuracy. In this paper, factors that affect accuracy are carefully considered for a specific range image acquisition system, the four-dimensional imager system. Th...

Introduction: The accuracy of the patient setup and tumor location are major factors that determine the efficacy of radiotherapy treatment planning. In the prostate radiotherapy, reproducibility of the prostate location for each treatment fraction is problematic owing to varying filling of the rectum and bladder. According to this, the aim of this study was to measure the inte...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of two different immobilization methods in patient positioning in cranial radiotherapy. The six-dimensional (6D) target localization accuracy of using a dedicated stereotactic mask was compared with that of a conventional head mask by the ExacTrac system. Material and Methods: ...

In the case of traditional GPS data processing algorithms, systematic errors in GPS measurements cannot be eliminated completely, nor accounted for satisfactorily. These systematic errors can have a significant effect on both the ambiguity resolution process and the GPS positioning results. Hence this is a potentially critical problem for high precision GPS positioning applications. It is there...

Classical planners assume that their internal model is both correct and complete. The dynamic nature of realworld domains (e.g., multi-user software environments) makes these assumptions untenable. Several new planners (e.g.,XII [2]) have been designed to work with incomplete information, and strides have been made in planning with potentially incorrect information. But, efficient operation in ...

Pronounced systematic errors are a consistent feature of saccades to remembered target locations. In an effort to determine their neural basis, we recorded from saccade-related burst neurons (SRBNs) in the superior colliculus and compared the discharges associated with saccades to visual and remembered targets. For all recorded SRBNs, the relationship between discharge rate and saccade metrics ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine dose delivery errors that could result from random and systematic setup errors for head-and-neck patients treated using the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB)-intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-four patients who participated in an intramural Phase I/II parotid-sparing IMRT dose-escalation prot...