the paper studies of the effect the related and unrelated diversification for products and ownership structure on capital structure for a sample of 87 firms out of 19 industry listed on the tehran stock exchange during the period 2004- 2009. for to regress of models to apply of multivariate approach include panel data and cross-sectional regressions. this study adopts panel fixed effects regres...

INTRODUCTION The empirical evidence for the effectiveness of excise tax increases as a tool for tobacco control and for generating government revenue is overwhelming. Although initially this evidence was generated primarily in high-income countries, the past two decades has seen much evidence originating in low-income and middle-income countries. The findings are broadly similar. The answer to ...

INTRODUCTION The empirical evidence for the effectiveness of excise tax increases as a tool for tobacco control and for generating government revenue is overwhelming. Although initially this evidence was generated primarily in high-income countries, the past two decades has seen much evidence originating in low-income and middle-income countries. The findings are broadly similar. The answer to ...

Multinational investors often reduce tax on dividends by using indirect investment routes. This paper constructs a tax rate matrix to represent a real-world network of tax treaties between 70 countries and develops network algorithms to study the structure of tax-minimizing (direct or indirect) investment routes in the tax treaty network. The treaty shopping arbitrage rate, defined as the diffe...

Tax is the most important sources of revenue for government any country, development country’s economy largely depends on tax structure it has adopted. A Taxation Structure which facilitates easy doing business and having no chance evasion brings prosperity to a economy. However, system that allows discourages ease inhibits expansion nation. As result, taxation big impact how country develops. ...

This paper incorporates tax morale into the Allingham Sandmo (1972) model of income tax evasion. Tax morale is interpreted as a social norm for tax compliance. The norm strength, depending on the share of evaders in the society, is endogenously derived. Taxpayers act conditionally cooperative, as their evasion decision depends on the other agents’ compliance. We characterize an equilibrium whic...

Computing the optimal portfolio policy of an investor facing capital gains tax is a challenging problem: because the tax to be paid depends on the price at which the security was purchased (the tax basis), the optimal policy is path dependent and the size of the problem grows exponentially with the number of time periods. Dammon, Spatt, and Zhang (2001, 2002a,b), Garlappi, Naik, and Slive (2001...