The continued growth of informal settlements constitutes one of the greatest urban development problems affecting African cities. Projects intended to upgrade these settlements have not been highly successful. In Kenya, project beneficiaries receiving land under individual titles sell or lose their land rights. This transfer of property is seen as stimulating informal settlement construction an...

Policy instruments at least partly intended to promote mixed tenure include the Right to Buy, other low-cost home ownership schemes, aspects of estate and urban regeneration policy and the use of the planning system. While it might seen that 'tenure diversification' and 'mixed tenure' are euphemisms for breaking up social housing estates and reducing the total stock of social housing, the opera...

Many studies have shown that women are under-represented in tenured ranks in the sciences. We evaluate whether gender differences in the likelihood of obtaining a tenure track job, promotion to tenure, and promotion to full professor explain these facts using the 1973-2001 Survey of Doctorate Recipients. We find that women are less likely to take tenure track positions in science, but the gende...

OBJECTIVE To examine effects of workforce characteristics on resident infections in Veterans Affairs (VA) Community Living Centers (CLCs). DATA SOURCES A 6-year panel of monthly, unit-specific data included workforce characteristics (from the VA Decision Support System and Payroll data) and characteristics of residents and outcome measures (from the Minimum Data Set). STUDY DESIGN A residen...

Equal but Inequitable: Who Benefits from Gender-Neutral Tenure Clock Stopping Policies?* Many skilled professional occupations are characterized by an early period of intensive skill accumulation and career establishment. Examples include law firm associates, surgical residents, and untenured faculty at research-intensive universities. High female exit rates are sometimes blamed on the inabilit...

PURPOSE This study identifies factors related to job tenure among certified nursing assistants (CNAs) working in nursing homes. DESIGN AND METHODS The study uses 2004 data from the National Nursing Home Survey, the National Nursing Assistant Survey, and the Area Resource File. Ordinary least squares regression analyses were conducted with length of job tenure as the dependent variable. Tenure...