There has been a long-standing debate as to the relative merits of mandatory auditor rotation. In the United States (US), Section 203 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) (SOX) requires rotation of the lead engagement partner and the concurring review partner at least once every five years. Section 207 also requires a study on the potential effects of mandatory audit firm rotation. After conducting...

The study sets out to assess the link between land leasing behavior and productivity differentials between male and female headed households. A non-cooperative game model with double-moral hazard allowed us to show that landlord’s tenure insecurity leads to sub-optimal level of effort on tenant’s part. The landlord’s enforcement ability is also shown to increase the optimal level of effort. The...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the relationships among age, tenure, and the length of disability following a work-related injury/illness. METHODS This study utilized 361,754 administrative workers' compensation claims. The relationships between age, tenure, and disability duration was estimated with random-effects models. RESULTS The age-disability duration relationship was s...

Massive degradation of natural resources, including forests, pastureland, and cropland, has been taking place in agriculturally unfavorable or marginal land areas of Asia and other parts of the Third World (Bhattari and Hamming 2001; Cropper and Griffiths 1994; Koop and Tole 1999; Rudel and Roper 1997). The growing rural population has increased demand for land, trees, and other natural resourc...

OBJECTIVE This study examines various options that a faculty member might exercise to achieve work-family balance in academic medicine and their consequences for academic advancement. METHOD Three data sets were analyzed: an anonymous web-administered survey of part-time tenure track-eligible University of Illinois College of Medicine (UI-COM) faculty members conducted in 2003; exogenous data...

Following the success and subsequent notoriety of Eliot Ness as a Prohibition agent in Chicago, Cleveland Mayor Harold Burton appointed Ness Director of Public Safety in December 1935. During this era, the Cleveland Department of Public Safety, particularly the police division, was considered to be one of the most corrupt in America. Burton, elected on a law-and-order platform, had sworn to rid...

Tenure is an integral aspect of academia. Because tenured faculty give esteem to individual physical therapy programs and to the profession as a whole, understanding the process of attaining tenure is vital to all physical therapy educators. Tenure in universities is described, and the process of attaining tenure is outlined. Criteria for tenure, factors related to transfer of faculty between u...

Land tenure is to define who hold the land as well as the relationship between tenant and the lord. Most fundamentally tenure and changing tenure is capturing the value of the resource. The nature of the resource and changing relative scarcity are essential to induce or lead evolution of land tenure. Pasture resources have been held in open access and communal tenure for much of the long histor...

Tenure reform began in 1988 with the establishment of a committee under the Ministry of Agriculture to look into ways to increase security of tenure and to make land more freely available for investment. Research into tenure systems was conducted with the support of USAID and the Wisconsin Land Tenure Center. Inevitably, the direction and scope of identified tenure change needed altered and exp...