In this paper, the orders induced by the residual implications obtained from uninorms are investigated. A necessary and sufficient condition is presented so that the ordinal sum of fuzzy implications satisfies the law of importation with a t-norm $T$. Some relationships between the orders induced by an ordinal sum implication and its summands are determined. The algebraic structures obtained fr...

jurisprudence, in its strict sense which is binding, is regarded as one of the important sources of law. this article seeks by relying on some judgments issued by general board of administrative justice court concerning the social security organization summarily investigate some deficiencies in performances of the social security organization and administrative justice court. in short, the enac...

[Law-makers, courts and regulators all assume that businesses’ compliance with the law is at least partly influenced by management’s rational calculations about the costs and gains of compliance and noncompliance. In this article, the authors use evidence from a survey of 999 large Australian businesses and these businesses’ experiences of compliance and enforcement under the Trade Practices Ac...

Abstract Many Canadian Muslim couples are hesitant to resort civil legal processes and attempt resolve their disputes within the religious community. Islamic law’s exclusion of non-Muslim judges from holding judicial authority in certain family law matters limits feasibility aligning commands with court orders. By extrapolating contemporary opinions ( fatāwā , sing. fatwā ) issued by institutio...

normative constitution is the highest law system and the consistency of this system requires, following the rules below from the superior rules. from this view, preservation of the constitution as the fundamental law governing the legal system of each country needs to legal ways of controlling instruments. this process is followed from two distinct complementary routes of constitutionalization ...

in modern legal systems there are a variety of sources of law. judicial precedent is one of the legal sources; thus, precedents of supreme court, like enactments of parliament, are enforceable in courts. this similarity between precedents and acts impose many problems as role of supreme court in interpretation of   laws. but the most important problem is the possibility of changing previous pre...

Federal systems require individuals to comply with laws enacted by more than one order of government. At times, the each may overlap, and different approaches have been adopted deal this situation. In Canada, is done through paramountcy doctrine, which permits a court render law inoperative when faced two valid but conflicting orders However, despite being staple constitutional for over century...