Context. Many problems in astrophysics feature flows which are close to hydrostatic equilibrium. However, standard numerical schemes for compressible hydrodynamics may be deficient in approximating this stationary state, in which the pressure gradient is nearly balanced by gravitational forces. Aims. We aim to develop a second-order well-balanced scheme for the Euler equations. The scheme is de...

Hydrostatic pressures in the renal vasculature of hagfish have been studied. Estimates of the blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP) have been made. In blood vessels supplying the renal corpuscles, the average hydrostatic pressure is about 1 kPa. The average hydrostatic pressure falls to a value of 0.04 kPa within the postcardinal vein efferent to the renal corpuscle. Within the glomerular capill...

The numerical implementation of an ocean model based on the incompressible Navier Stokes equations which is designed for studies of the ocean circulation on horizontal scales less than the depth of the ocean right up to global scale is described. A "pressure correction" method is used which is solved as a Poisson equation for the pressure field with Neumann boundary conditions in a geometry as ...

To clarify the role of the endolymphatic sac (ES) in the regulation of endolymphatic pressure, the effects of isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, and acetazolamide, a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, both of which decrease ES direct current potential on cochlear hydrostatic pressure, were examined in guinea pigs. When isoproterenol was applied intravenously, hydrostatic press...

Traditional semi-implicit formulations of nonhydrostatic compressible models may not be stable in the presence of steep terrain when pressure gradient terms are split and lagged in time. If all pressure gradient terms and the divergence are treated implicitly, the resulting wave equation for the pressure contains o -diagonal cross-derivative terms leading to a highly nonsymmetric linear system ...

With an elevator installed in a 90-meter tall Sequoiadendron to collect the samples, xylem pressure potential measurements were made approximately every 15 meters along 60 meters of the tree's height. The measured gradient was about -0.8 bar per 10 meters of height, i.e., less than the hydrostatic gradient. Correction of the xylem pressure potential data by calibration against a thermocouple ps...