one of problems of the law of obligations is the classification of the sources of obligations. in the law of the rome the obligation arose from contract and crime. in french law there is other sources and this classification has been recorded in other codes. the lawyers believe that this classification is not extensive and logical. today there is unilateral obligation and obligations by other s...

before discussing important issues regarding crime policy in islam and islamic republic of iran, it is better to introduce the basis and objective of law in general, and islamic law in particular.  in fact, without learning about and researching on important issues in the field, discussing crime policy in islam and islamic republic of iran is no more than just plunging in religious injunctions ...

the character of cosmopolitanism in e-commerce disputes is much more complicated than in normal international transactions. internet environment has created challenges and changes about the governing law of contracts in this space. this cyber space has technical and legal differences in compared with physical environment. in this paper, we intend to answer this question that in dispute arising ...

economic analysis of law is a new approach in law that emerged in the early 1960's and its main purpose is managing the rules of the legal system in a way to achieve economic efficiency. this approach has been influential in all the areas of law including the law of civil liability and follows to set up the compensation system based on some principles to minimize the costs resulting from damage...

An advanced guidance law is developed for reentry phase of a reentry vehicle. It can achieve small miss distance and desired impact attitude angle, simultanceously. To meet this requirment a guidance law based on the fuzzy logic approach is developed. It is partitioned into three stages. This guidance law does not require linearization of missile engagement model. Line-of-sight and flight path ...

Based on the idea of Continuous Fuzzy Guidance Law (CFGL), a andldquo;three-phase fuzzy guidanceandrdquo; (TFG) law is proposed for the class of surface to air homing missiles. The current approach enables the guidance law to track a maneuvering target from the beginning of the launch phase up to the terminal one while itdynamically attempts to keep miss-distance, flight time and control effort...

hans kelsen is one of the most famous legal philosophers in the entire world that his legal thoughts have always been drawing attention and critics. pure theory of law, unity of law system and logic of law system are his the most famous theories . in this article, we put forward these theories and challenge them.