Abdul Qadir Jurjânî, with his two famous books, is the most important scholar of Islamic rhetoric. He is the founder of rhetoric in the Muslim world. One of Jurjânî’s most prominent accomplishments is his comprehensive classification of metaphors. First of all, Jurjânî distinguishes between non-expressive and expressive metaphors, and then presents subclasses for expressive, or “useful”, metaph...

The notion of a spatial information theory is often understood in the sense of a theory underlying the design and implementation of geographic information systems (GIS). This paper offers a different perspective on spatial information theories, taking the point of view of people trying to solve spatial problems by using a GIS. It discerns a need for user level theories about spatial information...

Scientific concepts are defined by metaphors. These metaphors determine what attention is and what count as adequate explanations of the phenomenon. The authors analyze these metaphors within 3 types of attention theories: (a) “cause” theories, in which attention is presumed to modulate information processing (e.g., attention as a spotlight; attention as a limited resource); (b) “effect” theori...

In Cognitive Linguistic Critical Discourse Studies (CL-CDS), metaphor is identified as a key index of ideology and an important device in the legitimation of social action. From this perspective, metaphor is a cognitive-semiotic operation, invoked by metaphorical expressions in discourse, in which a source frame is mobilised to provide a template for sense-making inside a target frame, leading ...

Prop Oriented Make-Believe, Metaphor, Fictionalism: Reply to Elisabeth Camp1 Kendall L. Walton (Draft, 16 September 2013) Prop oriented make-believe is make-believe utilized for the purpose of understanding what I call “props,” real world objects or states of affairs that make propositions “fictional,” i.e. true in the make-believe world.2 Prop oriented make-believe plays important roles in two...

Metaphor has received the attention of ancient and modern researchers, its presence in many speeches, regardless forms types, been embodied as one most straightforward characters natural languages. It become a starting point for theories that have differed divergent orientations, perhaps what concerns us is orientation does not limit role metaphor to artistic aspect only, but also persuasive ar...

In this paper, Conceptual Metaphor Theory and cognitive linguistic theories of metonymy and frame semantics are used to explore metaphors for the self in an analysis of Japanese grammar and lexicon. The analysis takes an embodied cognition stance on language-independent phenomena that happen to have (but are not isolated to) surface linguistic indexes. In so doing, this work aims to shed light ...

This research deals with the act of metaphor cognition animals/ name which improve language comprehension in a better way than before. So it is responsibility researchers to show and explain cognitive linguistics. As we have tried mention them clearest ways. The main aim this an attempt linguistic analysis aspect, important tool linguistic. point focus on perceptual linguistics; description-ana...

The aim of this paper is to examine the nominality of the neologism BREXIT using a corpus-informed lexicogrammatical approach. The term BREXIT, coined in 2012, used initially in print and social media in the UK is now internationally wide-spread. BREXIT is a blend of British + exit, which expresses the meaning of’Britain exiting from the EU’. Although ‘Brexit’ clearly expresses an event (motion...

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within scientific discussion on issue of exogenous endogenous money supply theories, developed by Milton Friedman Nicholas Kaldor in 1960s-1970s. The main purpose research is to demonstrate that influence monetarist theory has become low Post-Keynesian strong during last decades. Systematization literary sources approaches for solving pro...