A calcium fluoride thin film co-doped with Yb3+/Tm3+ was deposited on Si substrates by the spin-coating method using trifluoroacetic acid as a fluorine source. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the sample showed that a thin film with some cracks was formed. After annealing, the cracks disappeared, and the film became thinner. The roughness of the thin film was about 150 nm, which ...

Thickness is a key factor on the physical properties of the new miniaturized technology of thin film devices. Thin film physical properties depend on the thickness value and its control. This paper highlights the importance of the accurate determination of the thickness in thin films. Many efforts have been made through the years to develop reliable thickness measurement techniques. In this wor...

The purpose of this study was to optimize a method for the encapsulation of P5 peptide, a new designed peptide containing MHC class I epitopes from rat HER2/neu protein, into liposomes as an approach for breast cancer vaccine formulation. The efficiency of liposomal encapsulation of peptides is generally low and development of an optimized method to increase encapsulation efficiency is a big ch...

Free-vibration-resonance frequencies of a film/substrate layered specimen depend on the dimensions, densities, and elastic constants both of the film and substrate. Then, the elastic constants of thin films are inversely determined by measuring the resonance frequencies and the other parameters. Because contributions of the film elastic constants to the resonance frequencies are small, high acc...

TiO₂-CdO composite rods were synthesized through a hydrothermal method and sputtering thin-film deposition. The hydrothermally derived TiO₂ rods exhibited a rectangular cross-sectional crystal feature with a smooth surface, and the as-synthesized CdO thin film exhibited a rounded granular surface feature. Structural analyses revealed that the CdO thin film sputtered onto the surfaces of the TiO...

Non ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) composed of sorbitan monostearate (Span 60), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (Tween 61), cholesterol, and dicetyl phosphate were conjugated with a purified monoclonal antibody to CD44 (IM7) through a cyanuric chloride (CC) linkage on the polyoxyethylene group of the Tween 61 molecule. Inclusion of small amounts of Tween 61 within the surfactant com...

Prolonged release drug delivery system of pilocarpine nitrate was made by optimizing thin layer film hydration method. Egg phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol were used to make multilamellar vesicles. Effects of charges over the vesicles were studied by incorporating dicetylphosphate and stearylamine. Various factors, which may affect the size, shape, encapsulation efficiency and release rate, ...

Present study was undertaken to assess the potential of Glycerosomes as a novel drug delivery system for topical application of Minoxidil. Pre-formulation studies were done for identification of drug as well as for determination of its physiochemical properties. Spectra of various mixtures of drug and excipients do not show any additional peak thus, indicating compatibility with each other. Gly...

PURPOSE Vitamin D, a liposoluble vitamin has many benefits on health. Encapsulation of bioactives in lipid-based carrier systems like nanoliposomes preserves their native properties against oxidation over time along with providing its stable aqueous dispersion. METHODS In the current study, vitamin D3 nanoliposomes were prepared using thin-film hydration-sonication method and fully characteri...