The pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) remains unknown. The hypothesis of a causal relationship between autoimmunity against the TSH receptor (TSHR) and GO is supported by clinical studies. Radioiodine treatment is associated with worsening or new onset of GO, possibly via antigen shedding or by inducing hypothyroidism. The coexistence of thyroid cancer with Graves' disease (GD) and GO is...

Thyroid orbitopathy (TO) is an autoimmune disease that is complicated by ocular surface disorders, leading to discomfort. Dry eye is very prevalent in patients with TO. Recent studies on the pathogenesis of dry eye have focused on the inflammatory process, and some supporting evidence has been discovered. Because TO is a disorder of autoimmune origin, we assumed that the association between TO ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of deep lateral wall orbital decompression with intraconal fat debulking on strabismus in thyroid-related orbitopathy (TRO) patients using automated Hess screen (AHS). DESIGN Prospective nonrandomized clinical study. PARTICIPANTS Eleven TRO patients (19 surgeries) operated on at the Jules Stein Eye Institute from January, 2004, through December, 2004. METHOD...

Graves' disease, an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous symptoms including Graves' orbitopathy, has a combined genetic/environmental background, where variations within CD28/CTLA-4/ICOS genes are considered as disease markers.Association of CD28c.17+3T>C(rs3116496), CTLA-4g.319C>T(rs5742909), CTLA-4c.49A>G(rs231775), CTLA-4g.*642AT(8_33), CT60(rs3087243), Jo31(rs11571302), ICOSc.1554+4GT(8_15...

PURPOSE To report the development of optic neuropathy after botulinum A toxin injection for restrictive myopathy from thyroid-related orbitopathy (TRO). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of three patients with TRO who underwent botulinum A toxin injection for restrictive myopathy and subsequently developed optic neuropathy. Development of optic neuropathy was measured by visual ...

Background: Restrictive strabismus is a common feature of Thyroid-Related Ophthalmopathy (TRO) causing intractable diplopia. We reviewed the surgical outcome for TRO patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients of TRO who underwent strabismus surgery from January, 1998 to September, 2012. Preoperative characteristics were recorded such as age, sex, disease severity, presence of compr...

The authors of guidelines provide 100 recommendations describing many intensively discussed issues. Among them is hepatotoxicity of PTU and limitation of PTU treatment mainly to the first trimester of pregnancy. Methimazole becomes first line ATD for patients with new onset of Graves’ disease. Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is classified according to its clinical activity and severity. Deterioration ...

The risk of cancer is relatively higher in Graves' patients presenting simultaneously with thyroid nodules. Radioiodine (RAI) therapy recommended in high-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma may be associated with worsening of a pre-existing Graves' orbitopathy (GO) or developing a new onset. The impact of RAI therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer on the course of a pre-exisit...

In 1999 dr Petr Vlcek (Fig. 2) became the head of the Clinic and under his leadership the Clinic continues its diagnostic, therapeutic, scientific and pedagogic work. Since 2001 the Clinic has housed the Centre for thyroid oncology and endocrine orbitopathy of the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, which covers the whole Czech Republic. All the equipment and procedures fulfill the con...