1. introduction identity has its roots in a nation’s culture. persian translators have strived to render a lot of persian literary works into english in order to introduce persian culture to the world. however, not all persian works are rendered for the first time by persian translators. normally, native translators are expected to have full familiarity with their own culture. but, the question...

Translation of messages between two languages has been very challenging among translators. Translations have led to the filling gaps in communication barriers so that equivalence and accuracy are achieved process transfer from one language another. This paper aims examine role a translator gap Source Language (SL) Target (TL). These known as translation problems or difficulties means solving th...

To give appropriate translation equivalents for target words is one of the most fundamental problems in machine translation systrms. Especially, when the MT systems handle languages that have completely different structures like Japanese and European languages as source and target languages. In this report, we discuss about the data strucutre that enables appropriate selections of translation e...

We investigate the properties of non-translation-invariant measures, describing particle systems on Z, which are asymptotic to different translation invariant measures on the left and on the right. Often the structure of the transition region can only be observed from a point of view which is random—in particular, configuration dependent. Two such measures will be called shift equivalent if the...

The paper proposes a method to extract translation equivalents from parallel corpora which were POS tagged and aligned using very large segments. The strategy we use takes into account the ability of contexts to select senses of words. Given a word of the source language and a particular type of context, we learn its word translation within an equivalent context.

Characteristic models are an alternative, model based, representation for Horn expressions. It has been shown that these two representations are incomparable and each has its advantages over the other. It is therefore natural to ask what is the cost of translating, back and forth, between these representations. Interestingly, the same translation questions arise in database theory, where it has...

In this paper, we propose a formal approach for translating OODB queries to equivalent relational queries. The translation is accomplished through the use of the relational predicate graphs and the OODB predicate graphs. One advantage of using such a graph-based approach is that we can achieve bi-directional translation between relational queries and OODB queries.

In the process of translating patent documents, a bilingual lexicon of technical terms is inevitable knowledge source. It is important to develop techniques of acquiring technical term translation equivalent pairs automatically from parallel patent documents. We take an approach of utilizing the phrase table of a state-of-theart phrase-based statistical machine translation model. First, we coll...

Embedded systems are often modeled using Matlab’s Simulink and Stateflow (MSS), to simulate plant and controller behavior but these models lack support for formal verification. On the other hand verification techniques and tools do exist for models based on the notion of Hybrid Automata (HA) but there are no tools that can convert Simulink/Stateflow models into their semantically equivalent Hyb...