Abstract Introduction Neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex are critical for generation of inspiratory rhythm and control activity genioglossus muscle via activation hypoglossal motoneurons. Activation causes anterior movement tongue widens upper airway. As obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with obstruction airway, this neuronal pathway may be a novel therapeutic approach. Orexins have...

our previous studies have shown that median and ulnar nerve lesion induced calbindin (cb) immunoreactivity in some injured motoneurons in developing rats. motoneuron death induced by sciatic nerve transection in neonatal rats has been related to induction of neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nnos). the present study investigated whether expression of cb and nicotinomid adenin dinucleot...

Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that disrupts the communication between brain and spinal cord. Several studies have sought to determine how revive dormant circuits caudal lesion restore movements in paralyzed patients. So far, recovery levels human patients been modest at best. In contrast, animal models of SCI exhibit more lost function. Previous work from our...

Out of all the cranial nerves “Trigeminal Nerve” is fifth nerve. Trigeminal nerve possesses both components i.e. mixed as well sensitive that’s why trigeminal known a The component takes up sensation from most part face and mucous membrane to central nervous system it responsible for disease which neuralgia. characteristic feature neuralgia sudden onset pain sharp lacerating, that may last few ...