We consider the sum coloring (chromatic sum) and sum multi-coloring problems for restricted families of graphs. In particular, we consider the graph classes of proper intersection graphs of axis-parallel rectangles, proper interval graphs, and unit disk graphs. All the above mentioned graph classes belong to a more general graph class of (k+1)clawfree graphs (respectively, for k = 4, 2, 5). We ...

This paper addresses a new mixed integer nonlinear and linear mathematical programming economic lot sizing and scheduling problem in distributed permutation flow shop problem with number of identical factories and machines. Different products must be distributed between the factories and then assignment of products to factories and sequencing of the products assigned to each factory has to be d...

The first and second Zagreb indices of a graph are equal, respectively, to the sum of squares of the vertex degrees, and the sum of the products of the degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices. We now consider analogous graph invariants, based on the second degrees of vertices (number of their second neighbors), called leap Zagreb indices. A number of their basic properties is established.

signed digit (sd) number systems provide the possibility of constant-time addition, where inter-digit carry propagation is eliminated. such carry-free addition is primarily a three-step process; adding the equally weighted sds to form the primary sum digits, decomposing the latter to interim sum digits and transfer digits, which commonly belong to {–1, 0, 1}, and finally adding the transfers to...

In this paper, we obtain the general solution and the generalized   Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability in random normed spaces, in non-Archimedean spaces and also in $p$-Banach spaces and finally the stability via fixed point method for a functional equationbegin{align*}&D_f(x_{1},.., x_{m}):= sum^{m}_{k=2}(sum^{k}_{i_{1}=2}sum^{k+1}_{i_{2}=i_{1}+1}... sum^{m}_{i_{m-k+1}=i_{m-k}+1}) f(sum^{m}_{i=1, i...