This paper presents a novel microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique for synthesizing tin(II) oxide nanoparticles. This technique can be used for producing large quantities of homogeneous nanoparticles in a short time. The effect of the solution molarity, final pH, hydrothermal processing time and microwave power were studied. The tin(II) oxide structure verified from XRD...

The structural and optical characterization of Se-Ge alloys during melt quenching technique was the goal of this study. In this regards, five different samples of Se100-xGex (x= 10, 20, 30, 40, 50) were prepared by conventional melt quenching in quartz ampoule. The produced samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calori...

Recently a number of authors have tried to avoid the failures of traditional Dutch book arguments by separating them from pragmatic concerns of avoiding a sure loss. In this paper I examine defenses of this kind by Howson and Urbach, Hellman, and Christensen. I construct rigorous explications of their arguments and show that they are not cogent. I advocate abandoning Dutch book arguments in fav...

The spectral behavior and the temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient of microporous silicon films are studied in the energy range of 1.2–3.8 eV, between 7 and 450 K. For photon energies above the direct band gap at 3.3 eV, the spectral behavior of the absorption coefficient is similar to that of crystalline silicon, and its absolute value is comparable to that estimated using Brug...

The techniques of melt-quenching have been used to generate 53B2O3—2NaF—27PbO – $$(20-x)$$ BaO— $$x$$ La2O3 $$(0\le x \ge 15) glass system$$ . XRD patterns established the amorphous character samples. There is a clear evidence role modifier in network. thermal characteristics identified increase with an content. Increasing increases linear and non-linear optical bandgap energy Urbach energy. By...

Please cite this article as: Volker Arnd Coenen, Lena Valerie Schumacher, Christoph Kaller, Thomas Eduard Schlaepfer, Peter Christoph Reinacher, Karl Egger, Horst Urbach, Marco Reisert , The anatomy of the human medial forebrain bundle: Ventral tegmental area connections to reward-associated subcortical and frontal lobe regions. The address for the corresponding author was captured as affiliati...