Blended satellite–ship evaporation and SSM/I retrieved precipitation fields are used to compute oceanic freshwater budget (FWB) and transport (FWT) over a 3-year period (1988–90). In order to validate the results, comparisons on monthly, seasonal, and multiyear average bases are performed with ECMWF analyzed field and climatology respectively. For May 1988, differences between ECMWF output and ...

The simulation of major midwinter stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in six stratosphere-resolving general circulation models (GCMs) is examined. The GCMs are compared to a new climatology of SSWs, based on the dynamical characteristics of the events. First, the number, type, and temporal distribution of SSW events are evaluated. Most of the models show a lower frequency of SSW events than th...

A viable simplified climate model using a three-layer representation of the earth is described. The distinct layers correspond to the earth’s surface, lower atmosphere, and upper atmosphere. By considering the fact that any inequality of inward and outward energy fluxes would adjust to equilibrium according to blackbody laws, it is possible to generate layer-centric equations of climate variabl...

Technical note: A stratospheric climatology for O3, H2O and CH4 derived from HALOE measurements J.-U. Grooß and J. M. Russell III Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre (ICG I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany Hampton University, Hampton VA, USA Received: 11 April 2005 – Accepted: 15 April 2005 – Published: 12 May 2005 Correspondence to: J.-U. Grooß (j.-u.grooss...

Flexible spatio-temporal models are widely used to create reliable and accurate estimates for precipitation climatologies. Most models are based on square root transformed monthly or annual means, where a normal distribution seems to be appropriate. This assumption becomes invalid on a daily time scale as the observations involve large fractions of zero observations and are limited to non-negat...

High spatial and temporal resolution maps of sea surface temperature (SST) have numerous applications in coastal and estuarine systems. A climatology map, tracking SST as a function of year-day, was produced at Southern New England using 53 Landsat TM and ETM+ thermal infrared data. A recursive curve-fitting algorithm was used to fit these data and eliminate cloud contamination, resulting in an...