As measured by the pace of city growth in western Europe from 1000 to 1800, absolutist monarchs stunted the growth of commerce and industry. A region ruled by an absolutist prince saw its total urban population shrink by one hundred thousand people per century relative to a region without absolutist government. This might be explained by higher rates of taxation under revenue-maximizing absolut...

There has been a tendency for debates around the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to focus on particular or Targets. What tends get lost, however, is bigger picture. In this paper we ask: what extent and under conditions do SDGs offer pathway equality? Specifically, potentials of as urban equality in decade delivery. We ways that three key interrelated development agendas, eradicating extre...

Tianjin Street is the most well-known traditional commercial street in Dalian. Since its establishment 1909, it has witnessed development of Dalian for more than a hundred years. In 1980s, became busiest However, under influence factors such as Internet economy, adjustments to transportation system and surrounding districts, Street’s prosperity gradually declined. order revitalize promote distr...

The basic notion that an individual’s freedom to choose will advance society at large is a cornerstone of political philosophy and of the economic theory of the Western world. Early political philosophers such as John Stuart Mill and legendary economists such as Adam Smith have advocated a utilitarian approach to political and economic life, in which the advancement of one’s own interests also ...

To build a better world, we must have the courage to make a new start. We must clear away the obstacles with which human folly has recently encumbered our path and release the creative energy of individuals. We must create conditions favourable to progress rather than “planning progress.”... The guiding principle in any attempt to create a world of free men must be this: a policy of freedom for...

Prosperity Theology is the teaching that believers have a right to the blessings of health and wealth and that they can obtain these blessings through positive confessions of faith and the “sowing of seeds” through the faithful payment of tithes and offerings. However, the literature reveals that most adherents to the prosperity gospel are not prospering financially and prosperity preachers hav...